procéder
French
editEtymology
editInherited from Old French proceder, borrowed from Latin prōcēdere.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editprocéder
Conjugation
editThis verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written procéder-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written procèder-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
infinitive | simple | procéder | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | procédant /pʁɔ.se.dɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | procédé /pʁɔ.se.de/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | procède /pʁɔ.sɛd/ |
procèdes /pʁɔ.sɛd/ |
procède /pʁɔ.sɛd/ |
procédons /pʁɔ.se.dɔ̃/ |
procédez /pʁɔ.se.de/ |
procèdent /pʁɔ.sɛd/ |
imperfect | procédais /pʁɔ.se.dɛ/ |
procédais /pʁɔ.se.dɛ/ |
procédait /pʁɔ.se.dɛ/ |
procédions /pʁɔ.se.djɔ̃/ |
procédiez /pʁɔ.se.dje/ |
procédaient /pʁɔ.se.dɛ/ | |
past historic2 | procédai /pʁɔ.se.de/ |
procédas /pʁɔ.se.da/ |
procéda /pʁɔ.se.da/ |
procédâmes /pʁɔ.se.dam/ |
procédâtes /pʁɔ.se.dat/ |
procédèrent /pʁɔ.se.dɛʁ/ | |
future | procèderai or procéderai /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁe/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁe/ |
procèderas or procéderas /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁa/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁa/ |
procèdera or procédera /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁa/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁa/ |
procèderons or procéderons /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁɔ̃/ |
procèderez or procéderez /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁe/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁe/ |
procèderont or procéderont /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁɔ̃/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | procèderais or procéderais /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁɛ/ |
procèderais or procéderais /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁɛ/ |
procèderait or procéderait /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁɛ/ |
procèderions or procéderions /pʁɔ.sɛ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pʁɔ.se.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
procèderiez or procéderiez /pʁɔ.sɛ.də.ʁje/ or /pʁɔ.se.də.ʁje/ |
procèderaient or procéderaient /pʁɔ.sɛ.dʁɛ/ or /pʁɔ.se.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | procède /pʁɔ.sɛd/ |
procèdes /pʁɔ.sɛd/ |
procède /pʁɔ.sɛd/ |
procédions /pʁɔ.se.djɔ̃/ |
procédiez /pʁɔ.se.dje/ |
procèdent /pʁɔ.sɛd/ |
imperfect2 | procédasse /pʁɔ.se.das/ |
procédasses /pʁɔ.se.das/ |
procédât /pʁɔ.se.da/ |
procédassions /pʁɔ.se.da.sjɔ̃/ |
procédassiez /pʁɔ.se.da.sje/ |
procédassent /pʁɔ.se.das/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | procède /pʁɔ.sɛd/ |
— | procédons /pʁɔ.se.dɔ̃/ |
procédez /pʁɔ.se.de/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
edit- “procéder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 3-syllable words
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- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -é-er
- French first group verbs