qichwa

Quechua

Alternative forms

qhichwa (Cuzco-Collao)

Etymology

From Proto-Quechuan *qiĉwa (“temperate area, valley”). It is theorized that its use as a glottonym was brought about by the Spanish and that the language had no specific name in pre-colonial times. Instead, it would have been taken from the "Quichoa" people of today's Apurímac, who would have taken their ethnonym from the "valleys" (*qiĉwa) where they lived and who, according to tradition, would have been the first disseminators of Cuzco Quechua.^[1] This theory, however, is disputed. A competing theory holds that the Incas had a sophisticated system of naming languages according to ecological regions.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /qɪt͡ʃ.wa/
- (Ayacucho) IPA^(key): [χɪt͡ʃ.wa]
- (Cuzco) IPA^(key): [qʰes.wa]
- (South Bolivian) IPA^(key): [qʰeʃ.wa]

Noun

qichwa

temperate area, sierra valley, valley.
Andean altitude between 2,300 m and 3,500 m.
Quechua people or language.
Ñuqanchik qhichwa simi ta rima chka nchik.
We are speaking Quechua (language).
(weaving) a valley motif

Declension

declension of qichwa

	singular	plural
nominative	qichwa	qichwakuna
accusative	qichwata	qichwakunata
dative	qichwaman	qichwakunaman
genitive	qichwap	qichwakunap
locative	qichwapi	qichwakunapi
terminative	qichwakama	qichwakunakama
ablative	qichwamanta	qichwakunamanta
instrumental	qichwawan	qichwakunawan
comitative	qichwantin	qichwakunantin
abessive	qichwannaq	qichwakunannaq
comparative	qichwahina	qichwakunahina
causative	qichwarayku	qichwakunarayku
benefactive	qichwapaq	qichwakunapaq
associative	qichwapura	qichwakunapura
distributive	qichwanka	qichwakunanka
exclusive	qichwalla	qichwakunalla

possessive forms of qichwa

ñuqap - first-person singular

ñuqap (my)	singular	plural
nominative	qichway	qichwaykuna
accusative	qichwayta	qichwaykunata
dative	qichwayman	qichwaykunaman
genitive	qichwaypa	qichwaykunap
locative	qichwaypi	qichwaykunapi
terminative	qichwaykama	qichwaykunakama
ablative	qichwaymanta	qichwaykunamanta
instrumental	qichwaywan	qichwaykunawan
comitative	qichwaynintin	qichwaykunantin
abessive	qichwayninnaq	qichwaykunannaq
comparative	qichwayhina	qichwaykunahina
causative	qichwayrayku	qichwaykunarayku
benefactive	qichwaypaq	qichwaykunapaq
associative	qichwaypura	qichwaykunapura
distributive	qichwayninka	qichwaykunanka
exclusive	qichwaylla	qichwaykunalla

qampa - second-person singular

qampa (your)	singular	plural
nominative	qichwayki	qichwaykikuna
accusative	qichwaykita	qichwaykikunata
dative	qichwaykiman	qichwaykikunaman
genitive	qichwaykipa	qichwaykikunap
locative	qichwaykipi	qichwaykikunapi
terminative	qichwaykikama	qichwaykikunakama
ablative	qichwaykimanta	qichwaykikunamanta
instrumental	qichwaykiwan	qichwaykikunawan
comitative	qichwaykintin	qichwaykikunantin
abessive	qichwaykinnaq	qichwaykikunannaq
comparative	qichwaykihina	qichwaykikunahina
causative	qichwaykirayku	qichwaykikunarayku
benefactive	qichwaykipaq	qichwaykikunapaq
associative	qichwaykipura	qichwaykikunapura
distributive	qichwaykinka	qichwaykikunanka
exclusive	qichwaykilla	qichwaykikunalla

paypa - third-person singular

paypa (his/her/its)	singular	plural
nominative	qichwan	qichwankuna
accusative	qichwanta	qichwankunata
dative	qichwanman	qichwankunaman
genitive	qichwanpa	qichwankunap
locative	qichwanpi	qichwankunapi
terminative	qichwankama	qichwankunakama
ablative	qichwanmanta	qichwankunamanta
instrumental	qichwanwan	qichwankunawan
comitative	qichwanintin	qichwankunantin
abessive	qichwanninnaq	qichwankunannaq
comparative	qichwanhina	qichwankunahina
causative	qichwanrayku	qichwankunarayku
benefactive	qichwanpaq	qichwankunapaq
associative	qichwanpura	qichwankunapura
distributive	qichwaninka	qichwankunanka
exclusive	qichwanlla	qichwankunalla

ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural

ñuqanchikpa (our(incl))	singular	plural
nominative	qichwanchik	qichwanchikkuna
accusative	qichwanchikta	qichwanchikkunata
dative	qichwanchikman	qichwanchikkunaman
genitive	qichwanchikpa	qichwanchikkunap
locative	qichwanchikpi	qichwanchikkunapi
terminative	qichwanchikkama	qichwanchikkunakama
ablative	qichwanchikmanta	qichwanchikkunamanta
instrumental	qichwanchikwan	qichwanchikkunawan
comitative	qichwanchiknintin	qichwanchikkunantin
abessive	qichwanchikninnaq	qichwanchikkunannaq
comparative	qichwanchikhina	qichwanchikkunahina
causative	qichwanchikrayku	qichwanchikkunarayku
benefactive	qichwanchikpaq	qichwanchikkunapaq
associative	qichwanchikpura	qichwanchikkunapura
distributive	qichwanchikninka	qichwanchikkunanka
exclusive	qichwanchiklla	qichwanchikkunalla

ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural

ñuqaykup (our(excl))	singular	plural
nominative	qichwayku	qichwaykukuna
accusative	qichwaykuta	qichwaykukunata
dative	qichwaykuman	qichwaykukunaman
genitive	qichwaykupa	qichwaykukunap
locative	qichwaykupi	qichwaykukunapi
terminative	qichwaykukama	qichwaykukunakama
ablative	qichwaykumanta	qichwaykukunamanta
instrumental	qichwaykuwan	qichwaykukunawan
comitative	qichwaykuntin	qichwaykukunantin
abessive	qichwaykunnaq	qichwaykukunannaq
comparative	qichwaykuhina	qichwaykukunahina
causative	qichwaykurayku	qichwaykukunarayku
benefactive	qichwaykupaq	qichwaykukunapaq
associative	qichwaykupura	qichwaykukunapura
distributive	qichwaykunka	qichwaykukunanka
exclusive	qichwaykulla	qichwaykukunalla

qamkunap - second-person plural

qamkunap (your(pl))	singular	plural
nominative	qichwaykichik	qichwaykichikkuna
accusative	qichwaykichikta	qichwaykichikkunata
dative	qichwaykichikman	qichwaykichikkunaman
genitive	qichwaykichikpa	qichwaykichikkunap
locative	qichwaykichikpi	qichwaykichikkunapi
terminative	qichwaykichikkama	qichwaykichikkunakama
ablative	qichwaykichikmanta	qichwaykichikkunamanta
instrumental	qichwaykichikwan	qichwaykichikkunawan
comitative	qichwaykichiknintin	qichwaykichikkunantin
abessive	qichwaykichikninnaq	qichwaykichikkunannaq
comparative	qichwaykichikhina	qichwaykichikkunahina
causative	qichwaykichikrayku	qichwaykichikkunarayku
benefactive	qichwaykichikpaq	qichwaykichikkunapaq
associative	qichwaykichikpura	qichwaykichikkunapura
distributive	qichwaykichikninka	qichwaykichikkunanka
exclusive	qichwaykichiklla	qichwaykichikkunalla

paykunap - third-person plural

paykunap (their)	singular	plural
nominative	qichwanku	qichwankukuna
accusative	qichwankuta	qichwankukunata
dative	qichwankuman	qichwankukunaman
genitive	qichwankupa	qichwankukunap
locative	qichwankupi	qichwankukunapi
terminative	qichwankukama	qichwankukunakama
ablative	qichwankumanta	qichwankukunamanta
instrumental	qichwankuwan	qichwankukunawan
comitative	qichwankuntin	qichwankukunantin
abessive	qichwankunnaq	qichwankukunannaq
comparative	qichwankuhina	qichwankukunahina
causative	qichwankurayku	qichwankukunarayku
benefactive	qichwankupaq	qichwankukunapaq
associative	qichwankupura	qichwankukunapura
distributive	qichwankunka	qichwankukunanka
exclusive	qichwankulla	qichwankukunalla

References

^ Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo. 2021. Otra vuelta de tuerca: la etimología de <quechua> en quechua y aimara [Another turn of the screw: The etymology of <Quechua> in Quechua and Aymara]. Indiana 38(2), pp. 159–177. DOI: 10.18441/ind.v38i2.159-177.
^ Itier, César. 2015. «Quechua» y el sistema inca de denominación de las lenguas ["Quechua" and the Incaic system of denominating languages]. Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez 45(1), pp. 37–56. DOI: 10.4000/mcv.6113.

[1] Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo. 2021. Otra vuelta de tuerca: la etimología de <quechua> en quechua y aimara [Another turn of the screw: The etymology of <Quechua> in Quechua and Aymara]. Indiana 38(2), pp. 159–177. DOI: 10.18441/ind.v38i2.159-177.

[2] Itier, César. 2015. «Quechua» y el sistema inca de denominación de las lenguas ["Quechua" and the Incaic system of denominating languages]. Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez 45(1), pp. 37–56. DOI: 10.4000/mcv.6113.

[1]

[2]