Reduplication of sḫd (“to invert”), itself prefixed with s-.
caus. 4-lit.
- (transitive) to invert
Conjugation of sḫdḫd (causative quadriliteral / caus. 4-lit. / caus. 4rad.) — base stem: sḫdḫd
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
sḫdḫd
|
sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd
|
sḫdḫdt
|
sḫdḫd
|
sḫdḫd
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
sḫdḫd
|
ḥr sḫdḫd
|
m sḫdḫd
|
r sḫdḫd
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sḫdḫd.n
|
sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd
|
consecutive
|
sḫdḫd.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
sḫdḫdt
|
| perfective3
|
sḫdḫd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
sḫdḫd.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
sḫdḫd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdy
|
sḫdḫdw, sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdy
|
potentialis1
|
sḫdḫd.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
sḫdḫd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
sḫdḫd.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
sḫdḫd
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sḫdḫd
|
sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdw5, sḫdḫdy5
|
| imperfective
|
sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdy, sḫdḫdw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdj6, sḫdḫdy6
|
sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdw5
|
| prospective
|
sḫdḫd, sḫdḫdtj7
|
—
|
sḫdḫdwtj1 4, sḫdḫdtj4, sḫdḫdt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 158.
