Egyptian
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Etymology
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s- (causative prefix) + ꜥꜣj (“to be great”).
Pronunciation
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caus. 3ae inf.
- (transitive) to enlarge
- (transitive) to make great or important
Inflection
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Conjugation of sꜥꜣj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: sꜥꜣ, geminated stem: sꜥꜣꜣ
| suffix conjugation
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| aspect / mood
|
active
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passive
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contingent
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| aspect / mood
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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sꜥꜣ.n
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sꜥꜣw, sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy
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consecutive
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sꜥꜣ.jn
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| terminative
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sꜥꜣt
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| perfective3
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sꜥꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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obligative1
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sꜥꜣ.ḫr
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| imperfective
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sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| prospective3
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sꜥꜣw, sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy
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sꜥꜣw, sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy
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potentialis1
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sꜥꜣ.kꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| subjunctive
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sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣy
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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| verbal adjectives
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| aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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| active
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passive
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active
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passive
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| perfect
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sꜥꜣ.n
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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—
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—
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| perfective
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sꜥꜣw1, sꜥꜣy, sꜥꜣ
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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sꜥꜣ
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sꜥꜣy, sꜥꜣ
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| imperfective
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sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣy, sꜥꜣꜣw5
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active + .tj1, .tw2
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sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣj6, sꜥꜣꜣy6
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sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣw5
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| prospective
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sꜥꜣw1, sꜥꜣy, sꜥꜣ, sꜥꜣtj7
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—
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sꜥꜣwtj1 4, sꜥꜣtj4, sꜥꜣt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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References
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- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 189.
