tkꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈtaːkaʀ/ → /ˈtaːkaʀ/ → /taːkə/ → /toːk/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtaːkaʀ/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈtaːkaʀ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /taːkə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /toːk/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tɛkɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: teka

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to burn, to light, to illuminate

Inflection

Conjugation of tkꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: tkꜣ, geminated stem: tkꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
tkꜣ	tkꜣw, tkꜣ	tkꜣt	tkꜣ	tkꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
tkꜣ	ḥr tkꜣ	m tkꜣ	r tkꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	tkꜣ.n	tkꜣw, tkꜣ	consecutive	tkꜣ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	tkꜣt
perfective3	tkꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	tkꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	tkꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	tkꜣ	tkꜣꜣ	potentialis1	tkꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	tkꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	tkꜣ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	tkꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2	tkꜣ	tkꜣ, tkꜣw5, tkꜣy5
imperfective	tkꜣ, tkꜣy, tkꜣw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	tkꜣ, tkꜣj6, tkꜣy6	tkꜣ, tkꜣw5
prospective	tkꜣ, tkꜣtj7	—	tkꜣtj4, tkꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• tkꜣw
• tkꜣyt
• tkꜣ-ḥr

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲕ (tōk), Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲱⲕ (thōk)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 332