tournoyer
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
tournoyer
- (intransitive, of smoke, leaves, snow flakes) to whirl, to swirl
- (intransitive, of water) to eddy, to swirl
- (intransitive) to whirl, to swirl, to twirl, to whirl round, to swirl round, to twirl round
- (intransitive, of a bird) to circle, to circle round, to wheel
faire tournoyer
- (transitive) to twirl, to swing (e.g. a lasso)
ConjugationEdit
This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or ennuyer. These verbs always replace the ‘y’ with an ‘i’ before a silent ‘e’.
Conjugation of tournoyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | tournoyer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | tournoyant /tuʁ.nwa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | tournoyé /tuʁ.nwa.je/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | tournoie /tuʁ.nwa/ |
tournoies /tuʁ.nwa/ |
tournoie /tuʁ.nwa/ |
tournoyons /tuʁ.nwa.jɔ̃/ |
tournoyez /tuʁ.nwa.je/ |
tournoient /tuʁ.nwa/ |
imperfect | tournoyais /tuʁ.nwa.jɛ/ |
tournoyais /tuʁ.nwa.jɛ/ |
tournoyait /tuʁ.nwa.jɛ/ |
tournoyions /tuʁ.nwaj.jɔ̃/ |
tournoyiez /tuʁ.nwaj.je/ |
tournoyaient /tuʁ.nwa.jɛ/ | |
past historic2 | tournoyai /tuʁ.nwa.je/ |
tournoyas /tuʁ.nwa.ja/ |
tournoya /tuʁ.nwa.ja/ |
tournoyâmes /tuʁ.nwa.jam/ |
tournoyâtes /tuʁ.nwa.jat/ |
tournoyèrent /tuʁ.nwa.jɛʁ/ | |
future | tournoierai /tuʁ.nwa.ʁe/ |
tournoieras /tuʁ.nwa.ʁa/ |
tournoiera /tuʁ.nwa.ʁa/ |
tournoierons /tuʁ.nwa.ʁɔ̃/ |
tournoierez /tuʁ.nwa.ʁe/ |
tournoieront /tuʁ.nwa.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | tournoierais /tuʁ.nwa.ʁɛ/ |
tournoierais /tuʁ.nwa.ʁɛ/ |
tournoierait /tuʁ.nwa.ʁɛ/ |
tournoierions /tuʁ.nwa.ʁjɔ̃/ |
tournoieriez /tuʁ.nwa.ʁje/ |
tournoieraient /tuʁ.nwa.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | tournoie /tuʁ.nwa/ |
tournoies /tuʁ.nwa/ |
tournoie /tuʁ.nwa/ |
tournoyions /tuʁ.nwaj.jɔ̃/ |
tournoyiez /tuʁ.nwaj.je/ |
tournoient /tuʁ.nwa/ |
imperfect2 | tournoyasse /tuʁ.nwa.jas/ |
tournoyasses /tuʁ.nwa.jas/ |
tournoyât /tuʁ.nwa.ja/ |
tournoyassions /tuʁ.nwa.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
tournoyassiez /tuʁ.nwa.ja.sje/ |
tournoyassent /tuʁ.nwa.jas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | tournoie /tuʁ.nwa/ |
— | tournoyons /tuʁ.nwa.jɔ̃/ |
tournoyez /tuʁ.nwa.je/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is only usable with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further readingEdit
- “tournoyer” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
VerbEdit
tournoyer
- to participate in a tourney (medieval tournament); to tourney
ConjugationEdit
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of tournoyer
infinitive | simple | tournoyer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | tournoyant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | tournoyé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | tournoye | tournoyes | tournoye | tournoyons | tournoyez | tournoyent |
imperfect | tournoyois, tournoyoys | tournoyois, tournoyoys | tournoyoit, tournoyoyt | tournoyions, tournoyyons | tournoyiez, tournoyyez | tournoyoient, tournoyoyent | |
past historic | tournoya | tournoyas | tournoya | tournoyasmes | tournoyastes | tournoyerent | |
future | tournoyerai, tournoyeray | tournoyeras | tournoyera | tournoyerons | tournoyerez | tournoyeront | |
conditional | tournoyerois, tournoyeroys | tournoyerois, tournoyeroys | tournoyeroit, tournoyeroyt | tournoyerions, tournoyeryons | tournoyeriez, tournoyeryez | tournoyeroient, tournoyeroyent | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | tournoye | tournoyes | tournoye | tournoyons | tournoyez | tournoyent |
imperfect | tournoyasse | tournoyasses | tournoyast | tournoyassions | tournoyassiez | tournoyassent | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | tournoye | — | tournoyons | tournoyez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
DescendantsEdit
- French: tournoyer
ReferencesEdit
- tournoyer on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)