zúg
Hungarian
editEtymology
editFrom the same onomatopoeic (sound-imitative) root as zúdít (“to pour”) and zúdul (“to come pouring, rushing”) + -g (“frequentative suffix”).[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editzúg
- (intransitive) to rumble, buzz, hum
- (transitive, literary) to shout, to say something in a frightening, loud voice
- 1857, János Arany, A walesi bárdok (The Bards of Wales)[1]:
- Fülembe zúgja átkait / A welszi lakoma
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
editconjugation of zúg
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zúgok | zúgsz | zúg | zúgunk | zúgtok | zúgnak | |
Def. | zúgom | zúgod | zúgja | zúgjuk | zúgjátok | zúgják | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúglak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | zúgtam | zúgtál | zúgott | zúgtunk | zúgtatok | zúgtak | ||
Def. | zúgtam | zúgtad | zúgta | zúgtuk | zúgtátok | zúgták | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúgtalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. zúgni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zúgék | zúgál | zúga | zúgánk | zúgátok | zúgának | ||
Def. | zúgám | zúgád | zúgá | zúgánk | zúgátok | zúgák | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúgálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. zúg vala, zúgott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | zúgandok | zúgandasz | zúgand | zúgandunk | zúgandotok | zúgandanak | ||
Def. | zúgandom | zúgandod | zúgandja | zúgandjuk | zúgandjátok | zúgandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúgandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zúgnék | zúgnál | zúgna | zúgnánk | zúgnátok | zúgnának | |
Def. | zúgnám | zúgnád | zúgná | zúgnánk (or zúgnók) |
zúgnátok | zúgnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúgnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zúgott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zúgjak | zúgj or zúgjál |
zúgjon | zúgjunk | zúgjatok | zúgjanak | |
Def. | zúgjam | zúgd or zúgjad |
zúgja | zúgjuk | zúgjátok | zúgják | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúgjalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zúgott légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | zúgni | zúgnom | zúgnod | zúgnia | zúgnunk | zúgnotok | zúgniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
zúgás | zúgó | zúgott | zúgandó | zúgva (zúgván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of zúg
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zúghatok | zúghatsz | zúghat | zúghatunk | zúghattok | zúghatnak | |
Def. | zúghatom | zúghatod | zúghatja | zúghatjuk | zúghatjátok | zúghatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúghatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | zúghattam | zúghattál | zúghatott | zúghattunk | zúghattatok | zúghattak | ||
Def. | zúghattam | zúghattad | zúghatta | zúghattuk | zúghattátok | zúghatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúghattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zúghaték | zúghatál | zúghata | zúghatánk | zúghatátok | zúghatának | ||
Def. | zúghatám | zúghatád | zúghatá | zúghatánk | zúghatátok | zúghaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúghatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. zúghat vala, zúghatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | zúghatandok or zúgandhatok |
zúghatandasz or zúgandhatsz |
zúghatand or zúgandhat |
zúghatandunk or zúgandhatunk |
zúghatandotok or zúgandhattok |
zúghatandanak or zúgandhatnak | ||
Def. | zúghatandom or zúgandhatom |
zúghatandod or zúgandhatod |
zúghatandja or zúgandhatja |
zúghatandjuk or zúgandhatjuk |
zúghatandjátok or zúgandhatjátok |
zúghatandják or zúgandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúghatandalak or zúgandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zúghatnék | zúghatnál | zúghatna | zúghatnánk | zúghatnátok | zúghatnának | |
Def. | zúghatnám | zúghatnád | zúghatná | zúghatnánk (or zúghatnók) |
zúghatnátok | zúghatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúghatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zúghatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zúghassak | zúghass or zúghassál |
zúghasson | zúghassunk | zúghassatok | zúghassanak | |
Def. | zúghassam | zúghasd or zúghassad |
zúghassa | zúghassuk | zúghassátok | zúghassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | zúghassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zúghatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (zúghatni) | (zúghatnom) | (zúghatnod) | (zúghatnia) | (zúghatnunk) | (zúghatnotok) | (zúghatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | zúgható | Neg. adj. | zúghatatlan | Adv. part. | (zúghatva / zúghatván) | ||||
Derived terms
editWith verbal prefixes
References
edit- ^ zúg in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
edit- zúg in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Categories:
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -g
- Hungarian onomatopoeias
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/uːɡ
- Rhymes:Hungarian/uːɡ/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian transitive verbs
- Hungarian literary terms
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Hungarian three-letter words