आत्मन्
Sanskrit edit
Alternative forms edit
- त्मन् (tmán)
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- আত্মন্ (Assamese script)
- ᬆᬢ᭄ᬫᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
- আত্মন্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰁𑰝𑰿𑰦𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀆𑀢𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- အာတ္မန် (Burmese script)
- આત્મન્ (Gujarati script)
- ਆਤ੍ਮਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌆𑌤𑍍𑌮𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦴꦠ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂄𑂞𑂹𑂧𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಆತ್ಮೝ (Kannada script)
- អាត្មន៑ (Khmer script)
- ອາຕ຺ມນ຺ (Lao script)
- ആത്മന് (Malayalam script)
- ᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᠮᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
- 𑘁𑘝𑘿𑘦𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢗᢐᠮᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦡𑦽𑧠𑧆𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐁𑐟𑑂𑐩𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଆତ୍ମନ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢃꢡ꣄ꢪꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆄𑆠𑇀𑆩𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖁𑖝𑖿𑖦𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ආත්මන් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩛𑩫 𑪙𑩴𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚁𑚙𑚶𑚢𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஆத்மந் (Tamil script)
- ఆత్మౝ (Telugu script)
- อาตฺมนฺ (Thai script)
- ཨཱ་ཏྨ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒂𑒞𑓂𑒧𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨊𑨙𑩇𑨢𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) + *-mō. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (“breath”), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”). Compare Proto-Nuristani *āmmána (“self”) (whence Kamkata-viri amú).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
आत्मन् • (ātmán) stem, m
- breath (RV.)
- soul, life (RV., AV., etc.)
- self
- nature, character
- a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)
- body
- mind, understanding
- the world-soul
- effort (L.)
- firmness (L.)
- sun (L.)
- fire (L.)
- son (L.)
Declension edit
| Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन् (ātmán) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | आत्मा ātmā́ |
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹ |
आत्मानः ātmā́naḥ |
| Vocative | आत्मन् ā́tman |
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ā́tmānau / ā́tmānā¹ |
आत्मानः ā́tmānaḥ |
| Accusative | आत्मानम् ātmā́nam |
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹ |
आत्मनः ātmánaḥ |
| Instrumental | आत्मना ātmánā |
आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām |
आत्मभिः ātmábhiḥ |
| Dative | आत्मने ātmáne |
आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām |
आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ |
| Ablative | आत्मनः ātmánaḥ |
आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām |
आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ |
| Genitive | आत्मनः ātmánaḥ |
आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ |
आत्मनाम् ātmánām |
| Locative | आत्मनि / आत्मन्¹ ātmáni / ātmán¹ |
आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ |
आत्मसु ātmásu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms edit
Pronoun edit
आत्मन् • (ātmán)
- (reflexive) a person in the predicate who is also the subject of the sentence
Declension edit
| Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन् (ātmán) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | आत्मा ātmā́ |
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹ |
आत्मानः ātmā́naḥ |
| Vocative | आत्मन् ā́tman |
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ā́tmānau / ā́tmānā¹ |
आत्मानः ā́tmānaḥ |
| Accusative | आत्मानम् ātmā́nam |
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹ ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹ |
आत्मनः ātmánaḥ |
| Instrumental | आत्मना ātmánā |
आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām |
आत्मभिः ātmábhiḥ |
| Dative | आत्मने ātmáne |
आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām |
आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ |
| Ablative | आत्मनः ātmánaḥ |
आत्मभ्याम् ātmábhyām |
आत्मभ्यः ātmábhyaḥ |
| Genitive | आत्मनः ātmánaḥ |
आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ |
आत्मनाम् ātmánām |
| Locative | आत्मनि / आत्मन्¹ ātmáni / ātmán¹ |
आत्मनोः ātmánoḥ |
आत्मसु ātmásu |
| Notes |
| ||
Borrowed terms edit
- → English: atman
- → Japanese: アートマン (ātoman)
- → Hindi: आत्म- (ātma-)
- → Korean: 아트만 (ateuman)
- → Russian: а́тман (átman)
- → Spanish: atman
- → Telugu: ఆత్మ (ātma)
- → Tocharian B: ātmaṃttse
Descendants edit
- Dardic:
- Helu Prakrit:
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
- Pali: attan, tuma
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā), 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā)
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “आत्मन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0135.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 164-165
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ātmán”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press