化學

See also: 化学

Chinese edit

	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform	learn; study; science learn; study; science; ‑ology
trad. (化學)	化	學
simp. (化学)	化	学
Literally: “study of change/transformations”.

Wikipedia has articles on:

化學 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
化學 (Classical)
化學 (Cantonese)
化學 (Gan)
化學 (Hakka)
化學 (Wu)
Fa-ho̍k (Hakka)
Huá-hŏk (Eastern Min)
Hòa-ha̍k (Southern Min)

Etymology edit

Apparently first attested in a diary entry of Wang Tao on 31 March, 1855. The term was subsequently popularized by 六合叢談 (The Shanghae Serial) [1857].

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): huàxué

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хуащүә (huaxüə, III-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): faa³ hok⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fa-ho̍k

(Meixian, Guangdong): fa⁴ hog⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): huá-hŏk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hòa-ha̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): huê³ hag⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵ho-yaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huàxué
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄒㄩㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huàsyué
  - Wade–Giles: hua⁴-hsüeh²
  - Yale: hwà-sywé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahshyue
  - Palladius: хуасюэ (xuasjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ä⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хуащүә (huaxüə, III-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xua⁴⁴ ɕyə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: faa³ hok⁶
  - Yale: fa hohk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: faa³ hok⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fa³ hog⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /faː³³ hɔːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fa-ho̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: fa hog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fa⁴ hog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fa⁵⁵ hok̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fa⁴ hog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /fa⁵³ hɔk̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huá-hŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^(h-)ouʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòa-ha̍k
  - Tâi-lô: huà-ha̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoarhak
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hua²¹⁻⁵³ hak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hak̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hua²¹⁻⁵³ hak̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hua¹¹⁻⁵³ hak̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hua²¹⁻⁴¹ hak̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huê³ hag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huè ha̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hak̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵ho-yaq
  - MiniDict: ho^去 yah
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ho-hhiaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ho³³ ɦiaʔ⁴⁴/

Noun edit

化學

chemistry
化學課／化学课 ― huàxué kè ― chemistry class

化學農藥／化学农药 ― huàxué nóngyào ― chemical pesticide

化學添加劑／化学添加剂 ― huàxué tiānjiājì ― chemical additive

化學去勢／化学去势 ― huàxué qùshì ― chemical castration
celluloid

Synonyms edit

(chemistry): (Dungan) химия (himii͡a)
(celluloid): 賽璐珞／赛璐珞 (sàilùluò)

Derived terms edit

光化學／光化学 (guānghuàxué)
光化學煙霧／光化学烟雾 (guānghuàxué yānwù)
分析化學／分析化学 (fēnxī huàxué)
化學作用／化学作用
化學元素／化学元素 (huàxué yuánsù)
化學分析／化学分析 (huàxué fēnxī)
化學劑／化学剂 (huàxuéjì)
化學反應／化学反应 (huàxué fǎnyìng)
化學家／化学家 (huàxuéjiā)
化學工業／化学工业 (huàxué gōngyè)
化學平衡／化学平衡 (huàxué pínghéng)
化學式／化学式 (huàxuéshì)
化學性肝炎／化学性肝炎
化學性質／化学性质 (huàxué xìngzhì)
化學成分／化学成分 (huàxué chéngfèn)
化學戰／化学战 (huàxuézhàn)
化學戰劑／化学战剂
化學方程式／化学方程式 (huàxué fāngchéngshì)
化學武器／化学武器 (huàxué wǔqì)
化學治療／化学治疗 (huàxué zhìliáo)
化學治療法／化学治疗法
化學物／化学物 (huàxuéwù)
化學物質／化学物质 (huàxué wùzhì)
化學當量／化学当量 (huàxué dāngliàng)
化學療法／化学疗法 (huàxué liáofǎ)
化學符號／化学符号
化學纖維／化学纤维 (huàxué xiānwéi)
化學肥料／化学肥料 (huàxué féiliào)
化學能／化学能 (huàxuénéng)
化學藥劑／化学药剂 (huàxué yàojì)
化學製劑／化学制剂 (huàxué zhìjì)
化學試劑／化学试剂 (huàxué shìjì)
化學變化／化学变化 (huàxué biànhuà)
化學鍵／化学键 (huàxuéjiàn)
國防化學／国防化学
地球化學／地球化学 (dìqiú huàxué)
放射化學／放射化学 (fàngshè huàxué)
數理化／数理化 (shùlǐhuà)
晶體化學／晶体化学 (jīngtǐ huàxué)
有機化學／有机化学 (yǒujī huàxué)
核化學／核化学 (héhuàxué)
海洋化學／海洋化学 (hǎiyáng huàxué)
無機化學／无机化学 (wújī huàxué)
熱化學／热化学 (rèhuàxué)
物理化學／物理化学 (wùlǐ huàxué)
理化 (lǐhuà)
生物化學／生物化学 (shēngwù huàxué)
石油化學／石油化学 (shíyóu huàxué)
石油化學工業／石油化学工业
膠體化學／胶体化学 (jiāotǐ huàxué)
藥物化學／药物化学 (yàowù huàxué)
計算化學／计算化学 (jìsuàn huàxué)
超分子化學／超分子化学 (chāofēnzǐ huàxué)
農業化學／农业化学 (nóngyè huàxué)

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (化學):

→ Japanese: 化(か)学(がく) (kagaku)
→ Korean: 화학(化學) (hwahak)
→ Vietnamese: hóa học (化學)

Others:

→ Bouyei: huaqxiof
→ Hlai: hueixo
→ Lingao: hua² hiak⁸
→ Zhuang: vayoz

Adjective edit

化學

chemical
化學成分／化学成分 ― huàxué chéngfēn ― chemical ingredients
(Liuzhou Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka) fragile; brittle; unreliable; cheaply made; frail
個水樽咁化學㗎，用兩嘢就爆咗喎！ [Cantonese, trad.]
个水樽咁化学㗎，用两嘢就爆咗㖞！ [Cantonese, simp.]
go³ seoi² zeon¹ gam³ faa³ hok⁶ gaa³, jung⁶ loeng⁵ je⁵ zau⁶ baau³ zo² wo⁴! [Jyutping]
The water bottle is so brittle; it broke after using it just a few times!

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
化	學
ば(け) Grade: 3	がく Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi	kan’on

Kanji in this term
化	學
か Grade: 3	がく Hyōgaiji
kan’on	on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 化學 – see the following entry.

【化学かがく】	[noun] [from 1860] chemistry (branch of natural science)
【化学ばけがく】	[noun] [from 1967] chemistry (branch of natural science)

(This term, 化學, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
化	學

Noun edit

化學 • (hwahak) (hangeul 화학)

Hanja form^? of 화학 (“chemistry”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
化	學

Noun edit

化學

chữ Hán form of hóa học (“chemistry”).