to open; to start | to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue; to develop | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (啟發/啓發) | 啟/啓 | 發 | |
simp. (启发) | 启 | 发 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 啟 | 發 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 幫 (1) |
Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 月 (68) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
Division (等) | IV | III |
Fanqie | 康禮切 | 方伐切 |
Baxter | khejX | pjot |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰeiX/ | /pʉɐt̚/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kʰeiX/ | /pʷiɐt̚/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/kʰɛiX/ | /piuɐt̚/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰɛjX/ | /puat̚/ |
Li Rong |
/kʰeiX/ | /piuɐt̚/ |
Wang Li |
/kʰieiX/ | /pĭwɐt̚/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰieiX/ | /pi̯wɐt̚/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qǐ | fa |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hai2 | faat3 |
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 啟 | 發 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qǐ | fā |
Middle Chinese |
‹ khejX › | ‹ pjot › |
Old Chinese |
/*kʰˁijʔ/ | /*Cə.pat/ |
English | open (v.) | fly forth, send forth |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 啟 | 發 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 10129 | 164 |
Phonetic component |
啓 | 癹 |
Rime group |
支 | 月 |
Rime subdivision |
1 | 1 |
Corresponding MC rime |
啓 | 髮 |
Old Chinese |
/*kʰeːʔ/ | /*pad/ |
Notes | 啓通用異體見漢簡 |
啟發