孝悌

Chinese

		filial	do one's duty as a younger brother
trad. (孝悌)		孝	悌
simp. #(孝悌)		孝	悌

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàotì

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haau³ dai⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàotì
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàotì
    • Wade–Giles: hsiao⁴-tʻi⁴
    • Yale: syàu-tì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiawtih
    • Palladius: сяоти (sjaoti)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʰi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haau³ dai⁶
    • Yale: haau daih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haau³ dai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hao³ dei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯³³ tɐi̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: xaewH dejX|dejH

Rime
Character	孝	悌	悌
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	定 (7)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	齊 (39)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	IV	IV
Fanqie	呼敎切	徒禮切	特計切
Baxter	xaewH	dejX	dejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠauH/	/deiX/	/deiH/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚauH/	/deiX/	/deiH/
Shao Rongfen	/xauH/	/dɛiX/	/dɛiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨwH/	/dɛjX/	/dɛjH/
Li Rong	/xauH/	/deiX/	/deiH/
Wang Li	/xauH/	/dieiX/	/dieiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xauH/	/dʱieiX/	/dʱieiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiào	dì	dì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau3	dai6	dai6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰruːs  diːlʔ|diːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiào
Middle Chinese	‹ xæwH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁ<r>uʔ-s/
English	filial
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孝	悌	悌
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	13771	2296	2301
Phonetic component	孝	弟	弟
Rime group	幽	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	孝	弟	第
Old Chinese	/*qʰruːs/	/*diːlʔ/	/*diːls/

Noun

孝悌

1. filial piety and fraternal duty

   • 謹庠序之教，申之以孝悌之義，頒白者不負戴於道路矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Jǐn xiángxù zhī jiào, shēnzhī yǐ xiàotì zhī yì, bānbái zhě bù fùdài yú dàolù yǐ. [Pinyin]

     Let careful attention be paid to education in schools, inculcating in it especially the filial and fraternal duties, and grey-haired men will not be seen upon the roads, carrying burdens on their backs or on their heads.

Synonyms

• 孝 (xiào)
• 孝心 (xiàoxīn)
• 孝情 (xiàoqíng) (literary)
• 孝義／孝义 (xiàoyì) (devotion to one's parents and loyalty to one's friends)
• 孝行 (acts of filial piety)
• 孝道 (xiàodào)
• 孝順／孝顺 (xiàoshùn)