將軍

See also: 将军 and 将軍

Chinese edit

	a general; (will, shall, "future tense"); ready a general; (will, shall, "future tense"); ready; prepared; to get; to use	army; military; arms
trad. (將軍)	將	軍
simp. (将军)	将	军
anagram	軍將／军将

Wikipedia has articles on:

將軍 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
將軍 (Cantonese)

Etymology edit

First used in the state of Jin in Spring and Autumn period, where the army are controled by one of the leaders of six powerful vassal states (see Zhongjunjiang). Later it becomes a separate official position.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiāngjūn

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤㄐㄩㄣ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang¹ jun¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoeng¹ gwan¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): diang¹ gun¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chiông-kiûn

(Meixian, Guangdong): jiong¹ giun¹
Northern Min (KCR): cio̿ng-gé̤ng / cióng-gé̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): ciŏng-gŭng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiong-kun / chiang-kun

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziang¹ gung¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹cian-ciun

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāngjūn → jiāngjun (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤㄐㄩㄣ → ㄐㄧㄤ ˙ㄐㄩㄣ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiangjyůn
  - Wade–Giles: chiang¹-chün⁵
  - Yale: jyāng-jyun
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang.jiun
  - Palladius: цзянцзюнь (czjanczjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/ → /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ d͡ʑ̥yn²/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang¹ jun¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gianggun
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoeng¹ gwan¹
  - Yale: jēung gwān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng¹ gwan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêng¹ guen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɐn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: diang¹ gun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiaŋ³³ kun³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chiông-kiûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: jiong´ giun´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jiong¹ giun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯oŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯un²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jiong¹ giun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴ kiun⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cio̿ng-gé̤ng / cióng-gé̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɔŋ³³ kœyŋ⁵⁴/, /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁴ kœyŋ⁵⁴/

Note: cióng-gé̤ng - to check.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciŏng-gŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suoŋ⁵⁵ ^(k-)ŋuŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiong-kun
  - Tâi-lô: tsiong-kun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciongkwn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ³³ kun³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiang-kun
  - Tâi-lô: tsiang-kun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciangkwn
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kun⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziang¹ gung¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiang kung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaŋ³³⁻²³ kuŋ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹cian-ciun
  - MiniDict: cian^平 ciuin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jian-jyn
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiã⁵⁵ t͡ɕyn²¹/

Middle Chinese: tsjang kjun

Rime
Character	將	軍
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	即良切	舉云切
Baxter	tsjang	kjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨɐŋ/	/kɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɐŋ/	/kiun/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siɑŋ/	/kiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨaŋ/	/kun/
Li Rong	/t͡siaŋ/	/kiuən/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭaŋ/	/kĭuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯aŋ/	/ki̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāng	jūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng¹	gwan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]aŋ [k]ʷər/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaŋ kun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	將	軍
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāng	jūn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjang ›	‹ kjun ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]aŋ/	/*[k]ʷər/
English	bring	army; camp
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	將	軍
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	10286	7333
Phonetic component	爿	軍
Rime group	陽	文
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	將	君
Old Chinese	/*ʔsaŋ/	/*kun/

Noun edit

將軍

(military) general (military rank)
(literary) Alternative name for 硫黃／硫黄 (liúhuáng, “sulfur”).
(literary) Alternative name for 大黃／大黄 (dàihuáng, “rhubarb”).
(historical) shogun (supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan)

Usage notes edit

Note that the character 將 here has a level-tone pronunciation (Mandarin: jiāng), not a departing-tone one (Mandarin: jiàng) as may be expected from the meaning of “general”. In fact, 將 here means "to lead", not "general".