海老

Chinese edit

	ocean; sea	old; aged; venerable old; aged; venerable; outdated; experienced; (affectionate prefix)
trad. (海老)	海	老
simp. ^#(海老)	海	老
anagram	老海

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hǎilǎo

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi² lou⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hǎilǎo [Phonetic: háilǎo]
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hǎilǎo
  - Wade–Giles: hai³-lao³
  - Yale: hǎi-lǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haelao
  - Palladius: хайлао (xajlao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi² lou⁵
  - Yale: hói lóuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi² lou⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi² lou⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ lou̯¹³/

Middle Chinese: xojX lawX

Rime
Character	海	老
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	呼改切	盧晧切
Baxter	xojX	lawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hʌi^X/	/lɑu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/həi^X/	/lɑu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/xɒi^X/	/lɑu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/həj^X/	/law^X/
Li Rong	/xᴀi^X/	/lɑu^X/
Wang Li	/xɒi^X/	/lɑu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɑ̆i^X/	/lɑu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hǎi	lǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi²	lou⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤəʔ C.rˤuʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*hmlɯːʔ ruːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	海	老
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hǎi	lǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ xoj^X ›	‹ law^X ›
Old Chinese	/m̥ˁəʔ/ (dialect m̥ˁ- > x-)	/*C.rˁuʔ/
English	sea	old
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	海	老
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9283	7666
Phonetic component	母	老
Rime group	之	幽
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	海	老
Old Chinese	/*hmlɯːʔ/	/*ruːʔ/

Verb edit

海老

(literary, of a sea) to dry up

Noun edit

海老

(literary) alcohol

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
海	老
えび
Grade: 2	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
海老 (kyūjitai) 蝦鰕魵

/jepi/ → /jebi/ → /ebi/

Possibly from Old Japanese, first attested in the Honzō Wamyō (918 CE).

Ultimate derivation unclear, with theories including:

Shift in meaning from ebi, ancient reading of modern 葡萄 (budō, “grape”), from a resemblance in color
Shift in reading from epige, proposed compound of 良い (ei, “good”) + 髭 (pige → hige, “beard”) from the bearded appearance
Shift in reading from epige, proposed compound of 江 (e, “inlet, bay”) + 髭 (pige → hige, “beard”) from the bearded appearance

Appears as Yebi in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.^[1]

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), in reference to the vague resemblance to a stooped old man. See the kairō reading below.

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) えび [èbí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [e̞bʲi]

Noun edit

海老(えび) or 海老(エビ) • (ebi)

any long-tailed decapod crustacean or arthropod:
1. a crayfish
  Hyponyms: 蝲蛄 (zarigani), 蝉海老 (semiebi)
2. a lobster
  Synonyms: ロブスター (robusutā), オマール (omāru)
  
  Hyponym: 海蝲蛄 (umi zarigani)
3. a prawn
  Synonym: プローン (purōn)
  
  Hyponyms: 車海老 (kuruma-ebi), 大正海老 (Taishō ebi)
4. a shrimp
  Synonym: シュリンプ (shurinpu)
Short for 海老錠 (ebijō): a padlock
a type of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with an ebi motif

Usage notes edit

This term is more generic than the English glosses. Where necessary, the meaning can be clarified by indicating type or size:

小(こ)海老(えび) (koebi): shrimp, literally “small ebi”
伊(い)勢(せ)海老(えび) (Ise ebi): spiny lobster (without big claws, unlike the North American lobster)

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Idioms edit

海老(えび)で鯛(たい)を釣(つ)る (ebi de tai o tsuru), 海老(えび)鯛(たい) (ebitai), “throw a sprat to catch a mackerel”
海老(えび)の鯛(たい)交(ま)じり (ebi no tai majiri), something insignificant among great things

Proverbs edit

鱧(はも)も一(いち)期(ご)、海老(えび)も一(いち)期(ご) (hamo mo ichigo, ebi mo ichigo)

Proper noun edit

海老(えび) • (Ebi)

a place name
a surname

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
海	老
かい Grade: 2	ろう Grade: 4
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
海老 (kyūjitai)

*/kairau/ → /kairɔː/ → /kairoː/

Probably a coinage in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as 海 (kai, “sea, ocean”) + 老 (rō, “elder, old person”), in reference to the vague resemblance to a stooped old man.

Appears as Cairǒ in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.^[3]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) かいろー [kàíróó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ka̠iɾo̞ː]

Noun edit

海(かい)老(ろう) • (kairō) ^{←かいらう (kairau)^?}

any long-tailed decapod crustacean or arthropod:
1. a crayfish
2. a lobster
3. a prawn
4. a shrimp

Usage notes edit

This reading is less common than ebi above.

Derived terms edit

海老(かいろう)尾(び) (kairōbi)

Proper noun edit

海(かい)老(ろう) • (Kairō) ^{←かいらう (kairau)^?}

a place name

References edit

^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎^[1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎^[2] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here

[1] Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎^[1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[3] Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎^[2] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here

[1]

[2]

[3]