犁

See also: 犂

犁 U+7281, 犁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7281 ← 犀 [U+7280] CJK Unified Ideographs 犂 → [U+7282]

Translingual

Han character

犁 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓竹手 (HNHQ), four-corner 2250₀, composition ⿱利牛)

1. plough

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 701, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20037
• Dae Jaweon: page 1114, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1811, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7281

Chinese

simp. and trad.		犁
2nd round simp.		牞
alternative forms		犂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犁
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
犁	*riːl, *ril
黎	*riːl
莉	*riːl, *r'il, *r'i
黧	*riːl
鯬	*riːl, *ril
筣	*riːl, *ri
蔾	*riːl, *ril
藜	*riːl
邌	*riːl
瓈	*riːl
鵹	*rel
棃	*ril
梨	*ril
蟍	*ril
蜊	*ril
鑗	*ril
利	*rids
痢	*rids
浰	*riːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːl, *ril) : phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 牛 (“cow”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lí (li²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lài
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lê / lôe / lêre

  (Teochew, Peng'im): loi⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶li

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lí
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lí
    • Wade–Giles: li²
    • Yale: lí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ni²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lai⁴
    • Yale: làih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lài
    • Hakka Romanization System: laiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lai²
    • Sinological IPA: /lai̯¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
    • Tâi-lô: lê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /le²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lôe
    • Tâi-lô: luê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /lue²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêre
    • Tâi-lô: lerê

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • lê - literary;
  • lôe - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: loi⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lôi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /loi⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶li
    • MiniDict: li^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: lej

Rime
Character	犁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎奚切
Baxter	lej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/
Li Rong	/lei/
Wang Li	/liei/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤ[i]j/, /*[r][i]j/

  (Zhengzhang): /*riːl/, /*ril/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lij ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁ[i]j/	/*[r][i]j/
English	plow	plow (n., v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犁	犁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	7879	7894
Phonetic component	利	利
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	黎	棃
Old Chinese	/*riːl/	/*ril/

Definitions

犁

1. plough
2. to plough
3. (literary) to destroy
4. a surname: Li

Synonyms

• (to plough):

• 作 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 穓 (yì) (literary)
• 耕 (gēng)
• 耕作 (gēngzuò)
• 耕地 (gēngdì)
• 農耕／农耕 (nónggēng)

 

Compounds

• 伊犁 (Yīlí)
• 伊犁條約／伊犁条约
• 伊犁河 (Yīlí Hé)
• 伊犁縱谷／伊犁纵谷
• 伊犁馬／伊犁马
• 套犁
• 尉犁 (Yùlí)
• 扒犁
• 拽欛扶犁
• 拽耙扶犁
• 掃穴犁庭／扫穴犁庭
• 泥犁
• 火犁
• 爬犁 (pálí)
• 牛犁
• 犁地
• 犁庭
• 犁庭掃穴／犁庭扫穴 (lítíngsǎoxué)
• 犁庭掃閭／犁庭扫闾
• 犁然
• 犁牛之子
• 犁田
• 犁舌獄／犁舌狱
• 犁轎／犁轿
• 犁鏵／犁铧 (líhuá)
• 犁鏵大鼓／犁铧大鼓
• 祝犁
• 耕犁
• 耬犁／耧犁
• 鋤犁／锄犁 (chúlí)
• 馬拉犁／马拉犁

 

References

• “Entry #7596”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

犁

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): り (ri); れい (rei)
• Kun: すき (suki)

Korean

Hanja

犁 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)

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Vietnamese

Han character

犁: Hán Nôm readings: lê

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