秫

秫 U+79EB, 秫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79EB ← 秪 [U+79EA] CJK Unified Ideographs 秬 → [U+79EC]

秫 U+2F957, 秫 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F957 ← 福 [U+2F956] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 䄯 → [U+2F958]

Translingual

Han character

秫 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木戈木 (HDID) or 竹木戈十金 (HDIJC), four-corner 2393₄, composition ⿰禾术(G) or ⿰禾朮(HTJKV))

Derived characters

• 䢤

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 852, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25001
• Dae Jaweon: page 1276, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2598, character 2
• Unihan data for U+79EB

• Unihan data for U+2F957

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 秫
Shang	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (朮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
訹	*slud
怵	*l̥ʰud
朮	*l'ud, *ɦljud
炢	*l'ud
術	*ɦljud
述	*ɦljud
秫	*ɦljud
沭	*ɦljud
蒁	*ɦrud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljud) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud, “glutinous millet”). Originally written 朮 (not to be confused with 术).

Etymology 1

trad.		秫
simp. #		秫
alternative forms		朮／术

Area word (Schuessler, 2007); compare:

• Proto-Hmong-Mien *mblut (“glutinous; sticky”) (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007; Ratliff, 2010; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);
• Proto-Austronesian *-lit (“caulk; adhesive material”) > Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulit (“glue; paste; stick; caulk”) (Ratliff, 2010);
• Proto-Austronesian *puluC (“Caesar weed, a mucilaginous plant”), Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulut (“birdlime, sticky sap of breadfruit, etc.”) (Sagart, 1993; Ratliff, 2018).

Sagart and Baxter (2010) posit that the *m- in their Old Chinese reconstruction, based on the Hmong-Mien evidence, may be a reduced form of 米 (OC *(C.)mˤ[e]jʔ, “millet or rice grains, dehusked and polished”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shú (shu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seot⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sut⁵

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): sud⁶
• Northern Min (KCR): chṳ̄
• Eastern Min (BUC): sŭk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chu̍t / su̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zug⁸

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): zug⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zeq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shú
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shú
    • Wade–Giles: shu²
    • Yale: shú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seot⁶
    • Yale: seuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soet⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêd⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵt̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sut⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sut̚³²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sud⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /sut̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰy⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sŭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: tsu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zut
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sut̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sut̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sut̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su̍t
    • Tâi-lô: su̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sut
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sut̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sut̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sut̚¹²¹/

Note:

• chu̍t - vernacular;
• su̍t - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zug⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsu̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suk̚⁴/
• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: zug⁸
  • Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸zeq
    • MiniDict: zeh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: zywit

Rime
Character	秫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	術 (52)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食聿切
Baxter	zywit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑjuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑwit̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭuĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seot6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m.lut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljud/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	秫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shú
Middle Chinese	‹ zywit ›
Old Chinese	/*m.lut/ (~ *mə.lut)
English	glutinous millet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	秫
Reading #	1/1
No.	11855
Phonetic component	术
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	術
Old Chinese	/*ɦljud/

Definitions

秫

1. glutinous grain
   1. (glutinous) sorghum
   2. (literary) glutinous millet
   3. (literary or Min) glutinous rice

Compounds

• 洘秫秫
• 秫櫱／秫蘖
• 秫田
• 秫秫 (shúshú)
• 秫秸
• 秫稭／秫秸
• 秫稻
• 秫穀／秫谷
• 秫米 (shúmǐ)
• 秫米飯／秫米饭
• 秫粟
• 秫粞
• 秫酒
• 秫黍

 

Etymology 2

trad.		秫
simp. #		秫

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shù, shú (shu⁴, shu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ, ㄕㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seot⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shù
    • Wade–Giles: shu⁴
    • Yale: shù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shú
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shú
    • Wade–Giles: shu²
    • Yale: shú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seot⁶
    • Yale: seuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soet⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêd⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵt̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: zywit

Rime
Character	秫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	術 (52)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食聿切
Baxter	zywit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑjuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑwit̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭuĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seot6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljud/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	秫
Reading #	1/1
No.	11855
Phonetic component	术
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	術
Old Chinese	/*ɦljud/

Definitions

秫

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 鉥／𬬸 (“long needle”)

Compounds

• 秫絀／秫绌
• 秫縫／秫缝

 

Japanese

Kanji

秫

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. a type of millet

   Synonym: 朮

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: じゅつ (jutsu)、ずち (zuchi)
• Kan-on: しゅつ (shutsu)
• On: じょつ (jotsu)、ちゅつ (chutsu)
• Kun: もちあわ (mochiawa, 秫)^{←もちあは (motiafa, 秫, historical)}

Compounds

• 秫(じゅっ)穀(こく) (jukkoku)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 秫 (MC zywit).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰuɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [출]

Hanja

Wikisource

秫 (eumhun 차조 출 (chajo chul))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 출곡 (秫縠, chulgok)
• 출도 (秫稻, chuldo)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]