Wiktionary

福

See also: 🉠
福 U+798F, 福
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798F
← 禎
[U+798E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 禐 →
[U+7990]

福 U+FA1B, 福
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1B
← 祥
[U+FA1A] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 靖 →
[U+FA1C]

福 U+2F956, 福
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F956
← 𥛅
[U+2F955] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 秫 →
[U+2F957]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

福 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火一口田 (IFMRW), four-corner 31266, composition ⿰礻畐(GHTJV) or ⿰⺬畐(K))

 
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to: 福

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 845, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24768
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2404, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+798F

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 福
alternative forms 畗 ancient
茀
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 福 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 福 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 福
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
富 *pɯɡs
輻 *pɯɡs, *pɯɡ
副 *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔 *pʰɯɡs
蔔 *bɯːɡ
匐 *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ
逼 *prɯɡ
偪 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
幅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
楅 *prɯɡ, *pɯɡ
湢 *prɯɡ
堛 *pʰrɯɡ
愊 *pʰrɯɡ
踾 *pʰrɯɡ, *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊 *pʰrɯɡ
稫 *pʰrɯɡ
畐 *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ
疈 *pʰrɯɡ
腷 *brɯɡ
鶝 *brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
福 *pɯɡ
蝠 *pɯɡ
葍 *pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pɯɡ) : semantic 示 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology edit

Proto-Sino-Tibetan [Term?]. Cognate with 富 (OC *pɯɡs, “rich”), Tibetan ཕྱུགས (phyugs, “livestock”).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Rime
Character 福
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方六切
Baxter pjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/piuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/pĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fuk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 福
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pək/
English blessing

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 福
Reading # 1/1
No. 3395
Phonetic
component 		畐
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		福
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯɡ/

Definitions edit

福

  1. blessing; happiness; prosperity; good fortune
    口福  ―  kǒufú  ―  gourmet's luck
    享福  ―  xiǎngfú  ―  to enjoy a happy life
    托你的福  ―  tuō nǐ de fú  ―  thanks to you
    禍福相依／祸福相依  ―  huòfúxiàngyī  ―  fortune and misfortune are interdependent
    福如東海／福如东海  ―  fúrúdōnghǎi  ―  to have boundless happiness
  2. (obsolete) to bless
  3. Short for 福建 (Fújiàn, “Fujian”).
  4. a surname. Fu

Synonyms edit

  • (blessing): 幸福 (xìngfú)
  • (good fortune):

Antonyms edit

  • (antonym(s) of "blessing"): (literary, or in compounds) 禍／祸 (huò)

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (福):
  • → Japanese: 福(ふく) (fuku)
  • → Korean: 복(福) (bok)
  • → Vietnamese: phúc (福), phước (福)

Pronunciation 2 edit

Rime
Character 福
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 敷救切
Baxter phjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰuwH/
Li
Rong 		/pʰiuH/
Wang
Li 		/pʰĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pʰi̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau3

Definitions edit

福

  1. † to store; to garner
  2. † to conform to; to fit in with

Pronunciation 3 edit

Definitions edit

福

  1. Only used in 福埔 (“a place in Jinjiang, Fujian”).

References edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai 福
Kyūjitai
[1]
福
&#xFA1B;
or
福+&#xFE00;? 		 
福󠄁
福+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
福󠄃
福+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji edit

福

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 福)

  1. good fortune, good luck

Readings edit


Compounds edit

Compounds

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
福
ふく
Grade: 3
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
福 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 福 (MC pjuwk).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

福(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. good luck, good fortune
    Synonym: 幸運 (kōun)
    Antonym: 禍 (ka)
  2. happiness
  3. (Shinto, Buddhism) a blessing

Derived terms edit

Adjective edit

福(ふく) • (fuku) -na (adnominal 福(ふく)な (fuku na), adverbial 福(ふく)に (fuku ni))

  1. wealthy

Inflection edit

Inflection of 福
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 福だろ ふくだろ fuku daro
Continuative (連用形) 福で ふくで fuku de
Terminal (終止形) 福だ ふくだ fuku da
Attributive (連体形) 福な ふくな fuku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 福なら ふくなら fuku nara
Imperative (命令形) 福であれ ふくであれ fuku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 福ではない
福じゃない 		ふくではない
ふくじゃない 		fuku de wa nai
fuku ja nai
Informal past 福だった ふくだった fuku datta
Informal negative past 福ではなかった
福じゃなかった 		ふくではなかった
ふくじゃなかった 		fuku de wa nakatta
fuku ja nakatta
Formal 福です ふくです fuku desu
Formal negative 福ではありません
福じゃありません 		ふくではありません
ふくじゃありません 		fuku de wa arimasen
fuku ja arimasen
Formal past 福でした ふくでした fuku deshita
Formal negative past 福ではありませんでした
福じゃありませんでした 		ふくではありませんでした
ふくじゃありませんでした 		fuku de wa arimasen deshita
fuku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 福で ふくで fuku de
Conditional 福なら（ば） ふくなら（ば） fuku nara (ba)
Provisional 福だったら ふくだったら fuku dattara
Volitional 福だろう ふくだろう fuku darō
Adverbial 福に ふくに fuku ni
Degree 福さ ふくさ fukusa

Proper noun edit

福(ふく) • (Fuku) 

  1. a placename
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

Affix edit

福(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. Short for 福岡 (Fukuoka, “Fukuoka (a province of Japan)”).

References edit

  1. ^ “福”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

福 (eumhun 복 복 (bok bok))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“fortune”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

福: Hán Nôm readings: phúc, phước, Phúc

  1. happy
  2. fortunate
  3. blessing
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