말하다
Korean edit
Etymology edit
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 말〯ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: mǎl-hòtá), equivalent to modern 말 (mal, “word”) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈma̠(ː)ɾɦa̠da̠]
(file)
- Phonetic hangul: [말(ː)하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | malhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | malhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | marhada |
| Yale Romanization? | māl.hata |
Verb edit
말하다 • (malhada) (infinitive 말해 or 말하여, sequential 말하니) (transitive or intransitive)
- to speak, to talk
- 어제 일은 미안하다고 말하고 싶어요. — 괜찮아요. 아나.
- Eoje ir-eun mian-ha-dago mal-hago sipeoyo. - Gwaenchanayo. Ana.
- I want to say I’m sorry for yesterday. — It’s okay, Anna.
- Original English texts from 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
- 2016, VOA Learning English[1], archived from the original on 13 November 2018:
- to explain (by talking)
Conjugation edit
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 말한다 malhanda |
말해 malhae |
말해요 malhaeyo |
말합니다 malhamnida |
| Past | 말했다 malhaetda |
말했어 malhaesseo |
말했어요 malhaesseoyo |
말했습니다 malhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 말하느냐 malhaneunya |
말해 malhae |
말해요 malhaeyo |
말합니까 malhamnikka |
| Past | 말했느냐 malhaenneunya |
말했어 malhaesseo |
말했어요 malhaesseoyo |
말했습니까 malhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 말하자 malhaja |
말해 malhae |
말해요 malhaeyo |
말하십시다 malhasipsida | |
| Imperative | 말해라, 말하여라 malhaera, malhayeora |
말해 malhae |
말해요 malhaeyo |
말합시오 malhapsio | |
| Assertive | 말하겠다 malhagetda |
말하겠어 malhagesseo |
말하겠어요 malhagesseoyo |
말하겠습니다 malhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 말해 malhae |
말해서, 말하여서 malhaeseo, malhayeoseo |
말하니 malhani |
말하니까 malhanikka | |
| Contrast | 말하지만 malhajiman |
말하는데 malhaneunde |
말하더니 malhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 말하고 malhago |
||||
| Condition | 말하면 malhamyeon |
말해야, 말하여야 malhaeya, malhayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 말하려고 malharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 말함 malham |
말하기 malhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 말했음, 말하였음 malhaesseum, malhayeosseum |
말했기, 말하였기 malhaetgi, malhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 말한 malhan | |||
| Present | 말하는 malhaneun | ||||
| Future | 말할 malhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 말하신다 malhasinda |
말하셔 malhasyeo |
말하세요, 말하셔요 malhaseyo, malhasyeoyo |
말하십니다 malhasimnida |
| Past | 말하셨다 malhasyeotda |
말하셨어 malhasyeosseo |
말하셨어요 malhasyeosseoyo |
말하셨습니다 malhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 말하시느냐 malhasineunya |
말하셔 malhasyeo |
말하세요, 말하셔요 malhaseyo, malhasyeoyo |
말하십니까 malhasimnikka |
| Past | 말하셨느냐 malhasyeonneunya |
말하셨어 malhasyeosseo |
말하셨어요 malhasyeosseoyo |
말하셨습니까 malhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 말하시라 malhasira |
말하셔 malhasyeo |
말하세요 malhaseyo |
말하십시오 malhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 말하시겠다 malhasigetda |
말하시겠어 malhasigesseo |
말하시겠어요 malhasigesseoyo |
말하시겠습니다 malhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 말하셔 malhasyeo |
말하셔서 malhasyeoseo |
말하시니 malhasini |
말하시니까 malhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 말하시지만 malhasijiman |
말하시는데 malhasineunde |
말하시더니 malhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 말하시고 malhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 말하시면 malhasimyeon |
말하셔야 malhasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 말하시려고 malhasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 말하심 malhasim |
말하시기 malhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 말하셨음 malhasyeosseum |
말하셨기 malhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 말하신 malhasin | |||
| Present | 말하시는 malhasineun | ||||
| Future | 말하실 malhasil | ||||