Romanian edit

Etymology edit

From dungă +‎ -a.

Verb edit

a dunga (third-person singular present dunghează, past participle dungat) 1st conj.

  1. to stripe

Conjugation edit

Swahili edit

Pronunciation edit

  • (file)

Verb edit

-dunga (infinitive kudunga)

  1. to pierce, to bore

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -dunga
Positive present -nadunga
Subjunctive -dunge
Negative -dungi
Imperative singular dunga
Infinitives
Positive kudunga
Negative kutodunga
Imperatives
Singular dunga
Plural dungeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudunga
Positive past positive subject concord + -lidunga
Negative past negative subject concord + -kudunga
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadunga)
Singular Plural
1st person ninadunga/nadunga tunadunga
2nd person unadunga mnadunga
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadunga wanadunga
other classes positive subject concord + -nadunga
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dungi)
Singular Plural
1st person sidungi hatudungi
2nd person hudungi hamdungi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadungi hawadungi
other classes negative subject concord + -dungi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadunga
Negative future negative subject concord + -tadunga
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dunge)
Singular Plural
1st person nidunge tudunge
2nd person udunge mdunge
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adunge wadunge
other classes positive subject concord + -dunge
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidunge
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedunga
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedunga
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidunga
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidunga
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adunga)
Singular Plural
1st person nadunga twadunga
2nd person wadunga mwadunga
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adunga wadunga
m-mi(III/IV) wadunga yadunga
ji-ma(V/VI) ladunga yadunga
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadunga vyadunga
n(IX/X) yadunga zadunga
u(XI) wadunga see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwadunga
pa(XVI) padunga
mu(XVIII) mwadunga
Perfect positive subject concord + -medunga
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshadunga
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadunga
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kidunga
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipodunga
Consecutive kadunga / positive subject concord + -kadunga
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadunge
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nidunga -tudunga
2nd person -kudunga -wadunga/-kudungeni/-wadungeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdunga -wadunga
m-mi(III/IV) -udunga -idunga
ji-ma(V/VI) -lidunga -yadunga
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidunga -vidunga
n(IX/X) -idunga -zidunga
u(XI) -udunga see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kudunga
pa(XVI) -padunga
mu(XVIII) -mudunga
Reflexive -jidunga
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dunga- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -dungaye -dungao
m-mi(III/IV) -dungao -dungayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -dungalo -dungayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -dungacho -dungavyo
n(IX/X) -dungayo -dungazo
u(XI) -dungao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -dungako
pa(XVI) -dungapo
mu(XVIII) -dungamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dunga)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yedunga -odunga
m-mi(III/IV) -odunga -yodunga
ji-ma(V/VI) -lodunga -yodunga
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodunga -vyodunga
n(IX/X) -yodunga -zodunga
u(XI) -odunga see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kodunga
pa(XVI) -podunga
mu(XVIII) -modunga
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.