Swahili edit

Etymology edit

From ji- +‎ -chubua.

Verb edit

-jichubua (infinitive kujichubua)

  1. reflexive form of -chubua: to scrub oneself
  2. to bleach (of skin)

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -jichubua
Positive present -najichubua
Subjunctive -jichubue
Negative -jichubui
Imperative singular jichubua
Infinitives
Positive kujichubua
Negative kutojichubua
Imperatives
Singular jichubua
Plural jichubueni
Tensed forms
Habitual hujichubua
Positive past positive subject concord + -lijichubua
Negative past negative subject concord + -kujichubua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -najichubua)
Singular Plural
1st person ninajichubua/najichubua tunajichubua
2nd person unajichubua mnajichubua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anajichubua wanajichubua
other classes positive subject concord + -najichubua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -jichubui)
Singular Plural
1st person sijichubui hatujichubui
2nd person hujichubui hamjichubui
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hajichubui hawajichubui
other classes negative subject concord + -jichubui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tajichubua
Negative future negative subject concord + -tajichubua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -jichubue)
Singular Plural
1st person nijichubue tujichubue
2nd person ujichubue mjichubue
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ajichubue wajichubue
other classes positive subject concord + -jichubue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sijichubue
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngejichubua
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singejichubua
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalijichubua
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalijichubua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ajichubua)
Singular Plural
1st person najichubua twajichubua
2nd person wajichubua mwajichubua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ajichubua wajichubua
m-mi(III/IV) wajichubua yajichubua
ji-ma(V/VI) lajichubua yajichubua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chajichubua vyajichubua
n(IX/X) yajichubua zajichubua
u(XI) wajichubua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwajichubua
pa(XVI) pajichubua
mu(XVIII) mwajichubua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mejichubua
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshajichubua
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jajichubua
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kijichubua
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipojichubua
Consecutive kajichubua / positive subject concord + -kajichubua
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kajichubue
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nijichubua -tujichubua
2nd person -kujichubua -wajichubua/-kujichubueni/-wajichubueni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mjichubua -wajichubua
m-mi(III/IV) -ujichubua -ijichubua
ji-ma(V/VI) -lijichubua -yajichubua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kijichubua -vijichubua
n(IX/X) -ijichubua -zijichubua
u(XI) -ujichubua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kujichubua
pa(XVI) -pajichubua
mu(XVIII) -mujichubua
Reflexive -jijichubua
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -jichubua- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -jichubuaye -jichubuao
m-mi(III/IV) -jichubuao -jichubuayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -jichubualo -jichubuayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -jichubuacho -jichubuavyo
n(IX/X) -jichubuayo -jichubuazo
u(XI) -jichubuao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -jichubuako
pa(XVI) -jichubuapo
mu(XVIII) -jichubuamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -jichubua)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yejichubua -ojichubua
m-mi(III/IV) -ojichubua -yojichubua
ji-ma(V/VI) -lojichubua -yojichubua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chojichubua -vyojichubua
n(IX/X) -yojichubua -zojichubua
u(XI) -ojichubua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kojichubua
pa(XVI) -pojichubua
mu(XVIII) -mojichubua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References edit

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    Fritsch, Katharina (2017) “‘Trans-skin’: Analyzing the practice of skin bleaching among middle-class women in Dar es Salaam”, in Ethnicities[1], volume 17, number 6, →DOI, page page of 749-770:
    However, responding to the question whether products like Fair&White in fact bleach, a doctor working at the above mentioned cosmetic supermarket points to the apparent difference between bleaching and lightening as commonly referred to by women using skin-bleaching products as well as by sellers. This distinction is reflected in two different Swahili terms, the doctor explains to me, both commonly referred to in day-to-day language: ‘Kujichubua’ literally meaning to ‘scrub oneself’, refers to ‘bleaching’, while ‘kung‘arisha’ describes the practice of ‘lightening’ as well as ‘softening’.