pakko
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *pakko. Cognate to Estonian pakk (“full”), Ingrian pakko, Karelian pakko, Ludian pakottada, Veps pakutada and Votic pakko.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
pakko
- obligation, force, necessity, compulsion, coercion, must
- olla pakko ― must, have to
- pakkohuutokauppa ― compulsory sale
- pakkokeino ― coercion
- pakkolasku ― forced landing
- pakkolunastus ― expropriation
- pakkoluovutus ― expropriation
- pakkomielle ― obsession
- pakkopaita ― straitjacket
- pakkoruotsi ― mandatory Swedish
- pakkotoimenpide ― act of force
- pakkotyö ― forced labour
Declension edit
Inflection of pakko (Kotus type 1*A/valo, kk-k gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | pakko | pakot | ||
genitive | pakon | pakkojen | ||
partitive | pakkoa | pakkoja | ||
illative | pakkoon | pakkoihin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | pakko | pakot | ||
accusative | nom. | pakko | pakot | |
gen. | pakon | |||
genitive | pakon | pakkojen | ||
partitive | pakkoa | pakkoja | ||
inessive | pakossa | pakoissa | ||
elative | pakosta | pakoista | ||
illative | pakkoon | pakkoihin | ||
adessive | pakolla | pakoilla | ||
ablative | pakolta | pakoilta | ||
allative | pakolle | pakoille | ||
essive | pakkona | pakkoina | ||
translative | pakoksi | pakoiksi | ||
abessive | pakotta | pakoitta | ||
instructive | — | pakoin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms edit
Compounds edit
Further reading edit
- “pakko”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (online dictionary, continuously updated, in Finnish), Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams edit
Ingrian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *pakko. Cognates include dialectal Finnish pakko and Estonian pakk.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpɑkːo/, [ˈpɑkːŏ̞̥]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpɑkːo/, [ˈpɑkːo̞]
- Rhymes: -ɑkːo
- Hyphenation: pak‧ko
Noun edit
pakko
Declension edit
Declension of pakko (type 4/koivu, kk-k gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | pakko | pakot |
genitive | pakon | pakkoin, pakkoloin |
partitive | pakkoa | pakkoja, pakkoloja |
illative | pakkoo | pakkoi, pakkoloihe |
inessive | pakos | pakois, pakkolois |
elative | pakost | pakoist, pakkoloist |
allative | pakolle | pakoille, pakkoloille |
adessive | pakol | pakoil, pakkoloil |
ablative | pakolt | pakoilt, pakkoloilt |
translative | pakoks | pakoiks, pakkoloiks |
essive | pakkonna, pakkoon | pakkoinna, pakkoloinna, pakkoin, pakkoloin |
exessive1) | pakkont | pakkoint, pakkoloint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Finnic *pakko. Cognates include Finnish pakko and Estonian pakk.
Pronunciation edit
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpɑkːo/, [ˈpɑkːŏ̞̥]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpɑkːo/, [ˈpɑkːo̞]
- Rhymes: -ɑkːo
- Hyphenation: pak‧ko
Adjective edit
pakko
- Synonym of tarvis (“necessary”)
Declension edit
Almost exclusively used in the nominative with the third-person singular of olla
Declension of pakko (type 4/koivu, kk-k gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | pakko | pakot |
genitive | pakon | pakkoin, pakkoloin |
partitive | pakkoa | pakkoja, pakkoloja |
illative | pakkoo | pakkoi, pakkoloihe |
inessive | pakos | pakois, pakkolois |
elative | pakost | pakoist, pakkoloist |
allative | pakolle | pakoille, pakkoloille |
adessive | pakol | pakoil, pakkoloil |
ablative | pakolt | pakoilt, pakkoloilt |
translative | pakoks | pakoiks, pakkoloiks |
essive | pakkonna, pakkoon | pakkoinna, pakkoloinna, pakkoin, pakkoloin |
exessive1) | pakkont | pakkoint, pakkoloint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 377
Votic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Finnic *pakko.
Noun edit
pakko
Inflection edit
Declension of pakko (type II/võrkko, kk-k gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | pakko | pakod |
genitive | pako | pakkojõ, pakkoi |
partitive | pakkoa | pakkoitõ, pakkoi |
illative | pakkosõ, pakko | pakkoisõ |
inessive | pakoz | pakkoiz |
elative | pakossõ | pakkoissõ |
allative | pakolõ | pakkoilõ |
adessive | pakollõ | pakkoillõ |
ablative | pakoltõ | pakkoiltõ |
translative | pakossi | pakkoissi |
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. |
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Finnic *pakko.
Adverb edit
pakko
References edit
- Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “pakko”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn