log

See also lóg, lög, and løg

Translingual

Wikipedia

Symbol

log

1. (mathematics) logarithm

   if $x=b^y$ then $\log_{b}(x)=y$

Synonyms

• (with base e) ln
• (with base 10) lg

Usage notes

If not specified, the assumed base of the logarithm is either 10 or e, depending on context.

Related terms

• lb, ld, lg, ln

Translations

• Persian: لگاریتم (fa)

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English

Pronunciation

Wikipedia

• (UK) IPA: /lɒɡ/, X-SAMPA: /lQg/
• Rhymes: -ɒɡ
• (US) IPA: /lɑɡ/, /lɔɡ/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

Etymology 1

Middle English logge, of unknown origin. That it descends from Old Norse lág (“a felled tree”) is widely doubted on phonological grounds; an alternative is sound expression of the notion of something massive.

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. The trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches.

   They walked across the stream on a fallen log.

2. Any bulky piece as cut from the above, used as timber, fuel etc.
   • 1995: New American Standard Bible: Matthew 7, 3 – 5

     Why do you look at the speck that is in your brother's eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, "Let me take the speck out of your eye," and behold, the log is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye.

3. Anything shaped like a log; a cylinder.
   • 1999, Glen Duncan, Hope

     […] it was a thing of sinuous durability, wound around the spirit like a tapeworm around a log of shit.

   • 2011, Edward Espe Brown, The Complete Tassajara Cookbook

     Dip both sides in the sauce on the plate and then arrange a log of cheese filling down the middle of the tortilla.

4. (nautical) A floating device, usually of wood, used in navigation to estimate the speed of a vessel through water.
5. A logbook.
6. (figuratively) A blockhead; a very stupid person.
7. (surfing slang) A longboard.
   • 1999, Neal Miyake [1]

     I know he hadn’t surfed on a log much in his childhood

8. (figuratively) A rolled cake with filling.
9. (mining) A weight or block near the free end of a hoisting rope to prevent it from being drawn through the sheave.
10. (vulgar) A piece of feces.

Synonyms

• (logbook):

Hyponyms

• (nautical): chip log, taffrail log
• (rolled cake): Swiss roll

Derived terms

Terms derived from log (noun)

backlog easy as falling off a log

flog the log logbook

logger sleep like a log

Translations

trunk of dead tree, cleared of branches

• Burmese: တုံး (my) (ton:)
• Czech: kmen (cs) m
• Dutch: boomstam, boomstronk
• Finnish: runko (fi), puunrunko (fi)
• French: bûche (fr)
• Georgian: მორი (ka) (mori) 
• German: Log (de)
• Greek: κούτσουρο (el) (koutsoúro) n , κορμός (el) (kormós) m 

• Italian: tronco (it)
• Japanese: 丸太 (ja) (まるた, maruta), 丸木 (ja) (まるき, maruki)
• Portuguese: tora (pt)
• Russian: бревно (ru) (brevnó) n 
• Scottish Gaelic: sgonn (gd) m
• Spanish: leño (es) m, tronco (es) m
• Swahili: kikingi (sw), gogo (sw)

bulky piece of timber

• Burmese: တုံး (my) (ton:)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 木頭 (cmn), 木头 (cmn) (mùtou)

• Dutch: houtblok (nl) m
• Finnish: tukki (fi)
• Greek: κούτσουρο (el) (koútsouro) n 

• Italian: tronchetto (it)
• Japanese: 薪 (ja) (まき, maki)
• Russian: бревно (ru) (brevnó) n , полено (ru) (poléno) n 
• Scottish Gaelic: sgonn (gd) m
• Spanish: leño (es) m
• Swahili: kikingi (sw), gogo (sw)

nautical: device for measuring the speed of a vessel

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 計程儀 (cmn), 计程仪 (cmn) (jìchéngyí)

• Finnish: loki (fi)
• Greek: δρομολόγιο (el) (dromológio) n , ημερολόγιο (el) (imerológio) n 

• Italian: solcometro (it)
• Japanese: 測程儀 (ja) (そくていぎ, sokuteigi)
• Russian: лаг (ru) (lag) m 
• Spanish: registro (es)

logbook — see logbook

very dumb person — see blockhead

surfing: longboard — see longboard

rolled cake — see Swiss roll

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: زند الخشب (zánad al-xášab) m
• Estonian: palk
• French: tronc (fr) m, billot (fr) m, souche (fr) f, bûche (fr) f,
• German: Holzklotz (de) m, Scheit (de) n
• Hebrew: בול עץ (bul etz) m
• Hungarian: fatönk (hu)
• Icelandic: trjádrumbur (is) m, drumbur (is) m
• Korean: 통나무 (tongnamu)
• Latvian: baļķis m

• Persian: ثبت کردن وقایع (fa), کنده (fa), قطعه ایازدرخت که اره نشده (fa), سرعت سنجکشتی (fa), کارنامه (fa), صورت عملیات (fa), سفرنامه کشتی (fa), گزارش سفرنامه کشتی (fa), گزارش سفرهواپیما (fa), گزارش روزانه عملیات هیئت یاعملیات موتوریاماشین وغیره (fa), کندن کنده درخت (fa), درسفرنامه واردکردن (fa)
• Portuguese: tronco (pt) m, lenha (pt) f, tora (pt) f
• Slovene: deblo (sl) n
• Swahili: kikingi (sw)
• Swedish: stock (sv) c

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

1. (transitive) To cut trees into logs
2. (transitive) To cut down (trees).
3. (transitive) To travel at a specified speed, as ascertained by chip log
4. (intransitive) To cut down trees in an area, harvesting and transporting the logs as wood

Derived terms

• logger

Related terms

• (to cut down trees): logging

Translations

to cut down trees

• Dutch: houthakken
• Finnish: hakata, kaataa puita
• French: couper (fr), abattre (fr)
• Greek: υλοτομώ (el) (ylotomó) 

• Japanese: 伐採 (ja) (bassai)
• Portuguese: cortar (pt)
• Spanish: talar (es)
• Swedish: fälla (sv) (träd)

Etymology 2

From logbook, itself from log (above) + book

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. A logbook, or journal of a vessel (or aircraft)'s progress
   • 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island

     The captain sat down to his log, and here is the beginning of the entry:...

2. A chronological record of actions, performances, computer/network usage, etc.

Derived terms

• weblog

Translations

logbook

• Dutch: logboek n
• Finnish: lokikirja (fi)
• German: Logbuch (de) n
• Greek: ημερολόγιο (el) (imerológio) n 

• Japanese: 日誌 (ja) (nisshi)
• Polish: dziennik pokładowy (pl) m
• Portuguese: diário de bordo m, de vôo
• Spanish: libro de registro m

chronological record

• Finnish: lokikirja (fi)
• Greek: χρονολόγιο (el) (chronológio) n 

• Japanese: 記録 (ja) (kiroku), ログ (ja) (rogu)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

• Estonian: logiraamat, logi
• Finnish: loki (fi)
• French: livre de bord (fr) m, registre (fr) m, carnet (fr) m
• Greek: ημερολόγιο (el) (imerológio) n 

• Hungarian: napló (hu)
• Latvian: žurnāls m
• Russian: журнал (ru) (žurnál) m 
• Slovene: dnevnik (sl) m
• Swedish: logg (sv) c, loggbok (sv) c

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

1. (transitive) To make, to add an entry (or more) in a log or logbook.

   to log the miles travelled by a ship

2. (transitive) To travel (a distance) as shown in a logbook

Derived terms

• log in

Related terms

• (to add an entry to a log): logbook, weblog/blog, log out/log off, log in/log on

Translations

make an entry in a log

• Finnish: kirjata (fi)
• French: inscrire (fr) un évènement dans un journal, ajouter (fr) un évènement (une ligne, une information) dans un journal (no specific verb)
• Japanese: 記録する (ja) (kirokusuru)

• Portuguese: lançar (pt)
• Spanish: registrar (es)
• Swedish: logga (sv)

Etymology 3

Verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

1. (obsolete) To move to and fro; to rock.

Etymology 4

Hebrew

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. A Hebrew measure of liquids, containing 2.37 gills.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of W. H. Ward to this entry?)

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.

References

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Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *legh- 'to put down, to lie down'. Compare Old Frisian lōch, Middle High German urlage (“fate, battle”), Old English log 'place', Old Norse løgi (“tranquillity”), Greek λόχος (“confinement”), Tocharian A lake, Tocharian B leke 'lair', Old Irish lige (“bad, grave”).

Noun

log m (indefinite plural logje, definite singular logu, definite plural logët)

1. combat, judgment ground
2. level patch of ground

Related terms

• lag

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Dutch

Etymology 1

Wikipedia ^nl

Presumably Germanic, cognates may include English log, lag, Middle Low German luggich 'slow'

Adjective

log (comparative logger, superlative logst)

1. lumbering, inert, slow in movement; immobile
2. (originally) plumb, (too) heavy in built ande/or weight
3. cumbersome, hard to move or change
4. dull, uninspired

Declension

Declension of log

		positive	comparative	superlative
				attributive	predicative/adverbial
predicative/adverbial		log	logger
neuter singular	indefinite	log	logger
	definite	logge	loggere	logste	logst, logste
common singular		logge	loggere	logste	logste
plural		logge	loggere	logste	logste
partitive		logs	loggers

Derived terms

• logheid
• logte
• loggat
• loggroot (adjective)
• logzwaar (adjective)
• verloggen

Etymology 2

Germanic: cognate with liegen 'to (tell a) lie', German lügen

Noun

log n (plural loggen, diminutive logje)

1. A lie, violation of the truth

Derived terms

• logbaar
• onlogbaar

Etymology 3

Germanic: from equivalent German Loch 'hole, opening, cavity'

Noun

log n (plural loggen)

1. (obsolete) An alternative form of loch

Derived terms

• jammerlog n
• loggat n
• schutlog n

Etymology 4

Germanic: from English log (see above), sense (and short for) chip log

Noun

log m (plural loggen, diminutive logje)

1. A chip log, instrument to measure a vessel's speed

Synonyms

• (derivation) logplankje n

Derived terms

• (by type) leklog, handlog, patentlog
• logboek n (perhaps from English logbook)
• loggen
• logglas n
• loggekas
• loglijn, loglijnknoop
• logmerk n
• logrol
• logschuitje n
• logtafel

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German

Verb

log

1. First-person singular preterite of lügen.
2. Third-person singular preterite of lügen.

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Latvian

Noun

log

1. singular vocative of logs

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Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA: /loːɡ/, [loːɣ]

Etymology 1

Proto-Germanic *lōgan, from Proto-Indo-European *legh-. Cognate with Old Frisian lōch, Old High German luog. The Indo-European root is also the source of Greek λέκτρον (lektron), Latin lectus (“bed”), Albanian log (“place for men, gathering”), Celtic *leg- (Old Irish lige, Irish luighe), Slavic *ležati (Russian лежать (ležát’)).

Noun

lōg n

1. A place, stead

   on his log: in his place; instead of him.

Related terms

licgan lecgan

leġer ġeliġer

Etymology 2

Inflected forms.

Verb

lōg

1. first-person singular preterite of lēan
2. third-person singular preterite of lēan

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Slovene

Noun

lóg m inan.

1. A grove
2. A small forest

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Swedish

Verb

log

1. past tense of le.

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Volapük

Etymology

Compound of French le and German Auge

Noun

log (plural logs)

1. eye

Declension

declension of log

	singular	plural
nominative	log	logs
genitive	loga	logas
dative	loge	loges
accusative	logi	logis
predicative	logu	logus
vocative	o log!	o logs!

Derived terms

• logalip
• logön