schallen
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch scellen (“loud sound”), from Old Dutch skellan, from Proto-West Germanic *skellan, from Proto-Germanic *skellaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”).[1][2]
Cognate with Old English scellan (“to sound, make a noise”) and German schallen (“to sound, to resound”). Also see Old Norse skjalla (“to clatter”), Old English hlowan.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
schallen
Inflection edit
| Inflection of schallen (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | schallen | |||
| past singular | schalde | |||
| past participle | geschald | |||
| infinitive | schallen | |||
| gerund | schallen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | schal | schalde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | schalt | schalde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | schalt | schalde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | schalt | schalde | ||
| 3rd person singular | schalt | schalde | ||
| plural | schallen | schalden | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | schalle | schalde | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | schallen | schalden | ||
| imperative sing. | schal | |||
| imperative plur.1 | schalt | |||
| participles | schallend | geschald | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Synonyms edit
- (to sound loudly): luiden
- (to resound): galmen, nagalmen, weergalmen, echoën
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “schallen”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1498, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1498
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German schallen, from the root of Schall (“sound”). The Grimms have it as corrupt form of Middle High German schëllen (inflexted schal, geschollen),[1] from Proto-West Germanic *skellan, from Proto-Germanic *skellaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
schallen (weak or irregular strong, third-person singular present schallt, past tense schallte or (less common) scholl, past participle geschallt, past subjunctive schallte or (less common) schölle, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to sound, ring (out)
Usage notes edit
The weak (regular) forms are more common.
Conjugation edit
| infinitive | schallen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | schallend | ||||
| past participle | geschallt | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich schalle | wir schallen | i | ich schalle | wir schallen |
| du schallst | ihr schallt | du schallest | ihr schallet | ||
| er schallt | sie schallen | er schalle | sie schallen | ||
| preterite | ich schallte ich scholl1 |
wir schallten wir schollen1 |
ii | ich schallte2 ich schölle1,2 |
wir schallten2 wir schöllen1,2 |
| du schalltest du schollst1 |
ihr schalltet ihr schollt1 |
du schalltest2 du schöllest1,2 du schöllst1,2 |
ihr schalltet2 ihr schöllet1,2 ihr schöllt1,2 | ||
| er schallte er scholl1 |
sie schallten sie schollen1 |
er schallte2 er schölle1,2 |
sie schallten2 sie schöllen1,2 | ||
| imperative | schall (du) schalle (du) |
schallt (ihr) | |||
1Less common.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ “schallen” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, 16 vols., Leipzig 1854–1961.