stress

See also Stress

English

Wikipedia has articles on:

Stress

Wikipedia

Wikipedia has articles on:

Stress (mechanics) and Stress (biology)

Wikipedia Wikipedia

Etymology

From Middle English destresse, from Old French, from Latin stringere (“to draw tight”).^[1]

In the sense of "mental strain" or “disruption”, used occasionally in the 1920s and 1930s by psychologists, including Walter Cannon (1934); in “biological threat”, used by endocrinologist Hans Selye, by metaphor with stress in physics (force on an object) in the 1930s, and popularized by same in the 1950s.

Pronunciation

Noun

stress (countable and uncountable; plural stresses)

(countable, physics) The internal distribution of force per unit area (pressure) within a body reacting to applied forces which causes strain or deformation and is typically symbolised by σ
(countable, physics) externally applied to a body which cause internal stress within the body.
(uncountable) Emotional pressure suffered by a human being or other animal.
Go easy on him, he's been under a lot of stress lately.
(uncountable, phonetics) The emphasis placed on a syllable of a word.
Some people put the stress on the first syllable of “controversy”; others put it on the second.
(uncountable) Emphasis placed on words in speaking.
(uncountable) Emphasis placed on a particular point in an argument or discussion (whether spoken or written).

Synonyms

(phonetics): accent, emphasis
(on words in speaking): emphasis
(on a point): emphasis

Translations

force

Arabic: إجهاد (ar) ('ijhaad) m
Catalan: tensió (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 壓力 (cmn), 压力 (cmn) (yālì)
Dutch: spanning (nl), zenuwen (nl)
Finnish: jännitys (fi)
French: tension (fr) f
German: Spannung (de) f
Greek: δύναμη (el) (dýnami) f
Hungarian: erő (hu), nyomás (hu)
Italian: tensione (it)

Japanese: ストレス (ja) (sutoresu)
Korean: 변형력 (ko) (byeon hyeong ryuk)
Persian: فشار (fa)
Polish: naprężenie n
Portuguese: tensão (pt) f
Romanian: tensiune (ro) f, încordare (ro) f
Russian: напряжение (ru) (naprjažénije) n, нажим (ru) (nažím) m, усилие (ru) (usílije) n, давление (ru) (davlénije) n
Spanish: tensión (es) f
Swedish: spänning (sv)

emotional pressure

American Sign Language: X@Chest-PalmBack-X@Chest-PalmBack X@Sternum-PalmBack-X@Abdomen-PalmBack
Catalan: estrès (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 壓力 (cmn), 压力 (cmn) (yālì)
Danish: stress (da) n and c
Esperanto: streso (eo)
Finnish: stressi (fi)
French: stress (fr) m
German: Stress (de) m
Hebrew: מצוקה (he) f
Icelandic: streita f, stress n (informal, slang)

Italian: stress (it) m
Japanese: ストレス (ja) (sutoresu)
Korean: 압박 (ko) (apbak), 스트레스 (ko) (seuteureseu)
Persian: دلهره (fa)
Polish: stres (pl) m
Portuguese: estresse (pt)
Romanian: stres (ro) n
Russian: напряжение (ru) (naprjažénije) n, стресс (ru) (stress) m
Spanish: estrés (es) m
Thai: ความเครียด (kwaam kríat)
Turkish: stres (tr), sıkıntı (tr)

on a syllable

Arabic: نبر (ar) (nabr) m
Catalan: accent (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin: 重音 (cmn) (zhòngyīn), 腔調 (cmn), 腔調 (cmn) (qiāngdiào)
Danish: tryk (da) n, betoning (da)
Dutch: klemtoon (nl)
Finnish: paino (fi), painotus (fi)
French: accentuation (fr) f
German: Betonung (de) f
Greek: τόνος (el) (tónos) m
Hebrew: דגש (he) (dagéš) m
Icelandic: áhersla (is) f
Irish: béim ghutha (ga) f, aiceann (ga) m

Italian: accento (it) m
Japanese: 強音 (ja) (きょうおん, kyōon), 強調 (ja) (きょうちょう, kyōchō)
Jèrriais: accent m
Korean: 강세 (ko) (gangse)
Lithuanian: kirtis (lt) m
Norwegian: betoning (no)
Polish: akcent (pl) m, nacisk (pl) m
Portuguese: acento (pt) m
Russian: ударение (ru) (udarénije) n
Scottish Gaelic: beum (gd) m
Spanish: acento (es) m
Swedish: betoning (sv)
Turkish: vurgu (tr)

when speaking

Catalan: accent (ca) m
Finnish: aksentti (fi)
German: Betonung (de) f
Greek: τονισμός (el) (tonizmós) m
Hungarian: hangsúly (hu), nyomaték (hu)
Icelandic: áhersla f
Irish: béim ghutha (ga) f, aiceann (ga) m

Italian: accento (it)
Japanese: 重き (ja) (omoki)
Korean: 강세 (ko) (gangse)
Polish: nacisk (pl) m
Russian: акцент (ru) (akcént) m, ударение (ru) (udarénije) n
Spanish: acento (es) m, énfasis (es) m
Turkish: vurgu (tr), tonlama (tr)

on a point in an argument

Catalan: èmfasi (ca) m
Finnish: painotus (fi)
German: Betonung (de) f
Greek: έμφαση (el) (émfasi) f, τονισμός (el) (tonizmós) m
Icelandic: áhersla f
Japanese: 重き (ja) (omoki), りきせつ (ja) (rikisetsu)

Korean: 강조 (ko) (gangjo)
Polish: nacisk (pl) m, emfaza (pl) f
Scottish Gaelic: cudrom (gd) m
Spanish: énfasis (es) m
Turkish: vurgu (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

Dutch: stress m

Verb

stress (third-person singular simple present stresses, present participle stressing, simple past and past participle stressed)

To apply force to (a body or structure) causing strain.
To apply emotional pressure to (a person or animal).
(informal) To suffer stress; to worry or be agitated.
To emphasise (a syllable of a word).
“Emphasis” is stressed on the first syllable, but “emphatic” is stressed on the second.
To emphasise (words in speaking).
To emphasise (a point) in an argument or discussion.
I must stress that this information is given in strict confidence.