tortoise
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English tortuse, tortuce, tortuge, from Medieval Latin tortuca, of uncertain origin. May be from Late Latin tartarūcha, from tartarūchus, from Ancient Greek ταρταροῦχος (tartaroûkhos, “holder of Tartaros, Tartarus, the land of the dead in ancient stories”), because it used to be thought that tortoises and turtles came from the underworld and they were commonly paired with such infernal beasts; see Τάρταρος (Tártaros). Or, from Latin tortus (“twisted”). The French-looking Modern English spelling tortoise may be influenced by porpoise. Displaced native Old English byrdling.
Pronunciation edit
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈtɔɹ.təs/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈtɔː.təs/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)təs
Noun edit
tortoise (plural tortoises)
- Any of various land-dwelling reptiles, of the family Testudinidae (chiefly Canada, US) or the order Testudines (chiefly UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, India), whose body is enclosed in a shell (carapace plus plastron). The animal can withdraw its head and four legs partially into the shell, providing some protection from predators.
- Synonym: (obsolete) shellpad
- Synonym of cat (sense 10, a wheeled shelter)
Usage notes edit
Differences exist in usage of the common terms turtle, tortoise, and terrapin, depending on the variety of English being used. In American usage, turtle is often a general term; tortoise is used only in reference to terrestrial turtles or, more narrowly, only those members of Testudinidae, the family of modern land tortoises; and terrapin may refer to turtles that are small and live in fresh and brackish water.
British and Commonwealth usage, by contrast, tends not to use turtle as a generic term for all members of the order but instead as a synonym for sea turtle specifically, and also applies the term tortoises broadly to all land-dwelling members of the order Testudines, regardless of whether they are actually members of the family Testudinidae.
Land tortoises are not native to Australia, yet traditionally freshwater turtles have been called tortoises in Australia.
Derived terms edit
- African spurred tortoise
- Aldabra giant tortoise
- angonoka tortoise
- boofhead tortoise
- Burmese star tortoise
- desert tortoise
- elephantine tortoise
- Galápagos giant tortoise
- Galapagos giant tortoise
- Galápagos tortoise
- Galapagos tortoise
- geometric tortoise
- giant tortoise
- golden tortoise beetle
- gopher tortoise
- Hermann's tortoise
- hinged-back tortoise
- hinged tortoise
- Horsfield's tortoise
- Indian star tortoise
- leopard tortoise
- Madagascar tortoise
- pancake tortoise
- ploughshare tortoise
- radiated tortoise
- red-footed tortoise
- Santa Fe Island tortoise
- sculptured tortoise
- soft tortoise
- tortoise beetle
- tortoise-like, tortoiselike
- tortoise shell, tortoise-shell
- tortoise-shell bamboo
Translations edit
land-dwelling reptile
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