verus

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *wēros, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros, from *weh₁- (“true”). See also Old English wǣr (“true, correct”), Dutch waar (“true”), German wahr (“true”), Icelandic alvöru (“earnest”), Proto-Slavic *vě̀ra (“faith/belief”).

Alternative forms

• bērus (Late Latin, misspelling)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯eː.rus/, [ˈu̯eːrʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈve.rus/, [ˈvɛːrus]

Adjective

vērus (feminine vēra, neuter vērum, comparative vērior, superlative vērissimus, adverb vērē or vērō); first/second-declension adjective

1. true, real, actual (conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct)
2. true, genuine (not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated)
3. proper, suitable (acceptable to or fitting for the purpose or circumstances)
4. right, just (complying with justice, correctness or reason)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	vērus	vēra	vērum		vērī	vērae	vēra
Genitive	vērī	vērae	vērī		vērōrum	vērārum	vērōrum
Dative	vērō		vērō		vērīs
Accusative	vērum	vēram	vērum		vērōs	vērās	vēra
Ablative	vērō	vērā	vērō		vērīs
Vocative	vēre	vēra	vērum		vērī	vērae	vēra

Derived terms

• advērō
• vēridicus
• vērificō
• vērisimilis
• vēritās
• vērum
• vērāx
• vērē
• vērō

 

Related terms

• vērificābilis
• vērificātiō
• vērisimiliter
• vēritābilis
• vērumtamen
• vērāciter
• vērācitās
• vērīsimilitūdō

 

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • ⇒ Romanian: adevăr
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: vero
  • Neapolitan: vero
  • Sicilian: veru
• Padanian:
  • Friulian: vêr
  • Piedmontese: vei, vai, veir
  • Romansch: vair
  • Venetian: vero
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: vêr

    Valdôtain: vèir

  • Old French: ver, veir, voir
  • Poitevin-Saintongeais: vau
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: ver
  • Old Occitan: ver
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: vero
    • ⇒ Galician: veriño (“oak”)
  • Old Spanish: vero
    • ⇒ Spanish: de veras
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: beru, veru
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *consobrīnus vērus (literally “true cousin”)
  • Aromanian: cusurin-ver ⇒ ver, veru
  • ⇒ Istro-Romanian: ver
  • ⇒ Romanian: văr
• Via the neuter plural vēra:
  • Padanian:
    • Emilian: veira, vera, vaira
    • Ligurian: vêia, viêra
    • Lombard: vera, vira, era
  • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Franco-Provençal: vèira (Valdôtain)
    • Old French: voire, veire
      • French: voire (“truly”)
• Borrowings:
  • → Esperanto: vero
  • → Ido: vera
  • → Interlingua: ver
  • → Volapük: ver

Etymology 2

Inflected form of verū.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯e.ruːs/, [ˈu̯ɛruːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈve.rus/, [ˈvɛːrus]

Noun

verūs

1. genitive singular of verū

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “vērus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 14: U–Z, page 331

Further reading

• “verus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “verus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• verus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) at the beginning of spring: ineunte, primo vere
    
  • (ambiguous) my dream is coming true: somnium verum evādit (Div. 2. 53. 108)
    
  • (ambiguous) to speak the truth, admit the truth: verum dicere, profiteri
    
  • (ambiguous) to be averse to truth: a vero aversum esse (Catil. 3. 1. 29)
    
  • (ambiguous) love of truth: veri videndi, investigandi cupiditas
    
  • (ambiguous) zealous pursuit of truth: veri inquisitio atque investigatio
    
  • (ambiguous) to be led away from the truth: a vero abduci
    
  • (ambiguous) to be very near the truth: proxime ad verum accedere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be probable: a vero non abhorrere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be probable: veri simile esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to distinguish true and false: vera et falsa (a falsis) diiudicare
    
  • (ambiguous) to confuse true with false: vera cum falsis confundere
    
  • (ambiguous) in truth; really: re (vera), reapse (opp. specie)
    
  • (ambiguous) to make a copy true to nature: aliquid ad verum exprimere
    
  • (ambiguous) but to return from the digression we have been making: verum ut ad id, unde digressa est oratio, revertamur
    
  • (ambiguous) nominally; really: verbo, nomine; re, re quidem vera
    
  • (ambiguous) to tell lies: falsa (pro veris) dicere
    
  • (ambiguous) a man who genuinely wishes the people's good: homo vere popularis (Catil. 4. 5. 9)
    
  • (ambiguous) without wishing to boast, yet..: quod vere praedicare possum
    
  • (ambiguous) to put it exactly: si quaeris, si verum quaerimus
    
• “verus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “vērus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 14: U–Z, page 329
• “verus”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray