Wiktionary

vera

See also: Vera, verá, vêra, Věra, and вера

English edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Vera Lynn.

Noun edit

vera (plural veras)

  1. (Cockney rhyming slang) A skin (rolling paper for cigarettes).
    • 1992, The Shamen (band), Ebeneezer Goode (song)
      Has anybody got any veras? Lovely!

Etymology 2 edit

As vega, with the "g" substituted with a "r" to represent risk-free (interest rate).

Noun edit

vera (uncountable)

  1. (finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of vega with respect to changes in the risk-free interest rate, or equivalently the rate of change of rho with respect to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset.
Synonyms edit
Hypernyms edit
  • (measure of derivative price sensitivity): Greeks (includes list of coordinate terms)

See also edit

Anagrams edit

Asturian edit

Etymology edit

From Latin viria.

Noun edit

vera f (plural veres)

  1. edge, side
  2. bank (of river)
  3. wayside (of road, etc.)
  4. acre (of land)
  5. edging

Related terms edit

Ese edit

Noun edit

vera

  1. fence
  2. wall

Esperanto edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [ˈvera]
  • Rhymes: -era
  • Hyphenation: ve‧ra

Adjective edit

vera (accusative singular veran, plural veraj, accusative plural verajn)

  1. true

Related terms edit

Faroese edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse vera (“to be”), from vesa, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- and *h₂wes-.

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

vera (third person singular past indicative var, third person plural past indicative vóru, supine verið)

  1. (transitive, intransitive, takes nominative adjectives or nouns) to be

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of vera (irregular)
infinitive vera
supine verið
participle verandi -
present past
first singular eri var
second singular ert vart
third singular er var
plural eru vóru
imperative
singular ver!
plural verið!

Noun edit

vera f (genitive singular veru, plural verur)

  1. being

Declension edit

Declension of vera
f1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative vera veran verur verurnar
accusative veru veruna verur verurnar
dative veru veruni verum verunum
genitive veru verunnar vera veranna

Icelandic edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse vera, earlier vesa, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną. Cognate with Danish være, Norwegian Bokmål være, Norwegian Nynorsk vera, and Swedish vara.

Pronunciation edit

Verb edit

vera (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative var, third-person plural past indicative voru, supine verið)

  1. (transitive, intransitive, takes nominative adjectives or nouns) to be
    Það er gaman að vera góður.
    It is fun being good.
    Að vera eða vera ekki.
    To be or not to be.
    Ég var kennari áður en ég gerðist stærðfræðingur.
    I was a teacher before I become a mathematician.
    Hvernig veistu að þetta sé ekki gildra?
    How do you know that this is not a trap?

Usage notes edit

The subjunctive forms sé, sért, sé, séum, séuð and séu are used as other Icelandic verbs, e.g. when the situation is hypothetical. By contrast, the forms veri, verir, veri, verum, verið and veri are unique to the verb vera, in that they are used optatively to express desires; e.g., fari hann og veri means may he leave and never return, and the phrase peace be upon you is translated friður veri með þér.

Inflection edit

Conjugation of vera
Active voice (germynd) singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative (framsöguháttur) present (nútið) er ert er erum eruð eru
past (þátíð) var varst var vorum voruð voru
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) present (nútið) sé, veri sért, verir sé, veri séum, verum séuð, verið séu, veri
past (þátíð) væri værir væri værum væruð væru
infinitive (nafnháttur) vera
imperatives (boðhættir) active (germynd) reflexive (miðmynd)
singular (+ þú) vertu —
plural (+ þið) verið —
shortened (stýfður) ver
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) verandi
supine (sagnbót) active (germynd) reflexive (miðmynd)
verið —

Derived terms edit

Noun edit

vera f (genitive singular veru, nominative plural verur)

  1. a being, a creature
  2. a stay

Declension edit

declension of vera
f-w1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative vera veran verur verurnar
accusative veru veruna verur verurnar
dative veru verunni verum verunum
genitive veru verunnar vera veranna

Derived terms edit

Anagrams edit

Ido edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Esperanto vera, Italian vero, French vrai and Spanish vero.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈvɛ.ra/, /ˈve.ra/

Adjective edit

vera

  1. true

Derived terms edit

Italian edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈve.ra/
  • Rhymes: -era
  • Hyphenation: vé‧ra

Etymology 1 edit

From Late Latin viria (“bracelet”), from Gaulish *viros (“round, crooked”), from Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“turned, twisted, threaded”), from *weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”).

Noun edit

vera f (plural vere)

  1. (northern Italian) wedding ring, wedding band
    Synonym: fede
  2. (architecture) puteal, wellhead
    Synonyms: ghiera, puteale

Etymology 2 edit

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective edit

vera f sg

  1. feminine singular of vero

Anagrams edit

Latin edit

Etymology 1 edit

From vērus (“true”).

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

vēra

  1. inflection of vērus:
    1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
    2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural
Descendants edit
  • French: voire

Adjective edit

vērā

  1. ablative feminine singular of vērus

Etymology 2 edit

From vēr (“Spring”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

vēra n

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of vēr

References edit

  • “vera”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • vera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Norwegian Nynorsk edit

Alternative forms edit

Etymology edit

From Old Norse vera, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną. The present tense is suppletive and is from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /²vɛ(ː)ra/, [²ʋɛ̝ːrɐ̞], [²ʋɛ̝rɐ̞], [²ʋɛ̝rːɐ̞]
  • Hyphenation: vè‧ra

Verb edit

vera (present tense er, past tense var, past participle vore, passive infinitive verast, present participle verande, imperative ver)

  1. to be
    Ikkje alle kunne vera til stades.
    Not everyone could be present.

Usage notes edit

  • This is a split infinitive verb.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of vera — (irregular)
infinitive vera
present participle verande
past participle ―
supine vore
indicative present past
singular er var
plural1 ero våro
subjunctive present past
vere vøre
imperative present
singular ver
plural1 vere
1Rare today.

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

Old Norse edit

Etymology edit

From vesa, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną.

Verb edit

vera

  1. to be

Conjugation edit

In certain contexts in poetry the initial vowel of certain forms of this verb could be dropped. Thus the form ro (normalized spelling ru), from ero (normalized eru), is found in Vǫlospá stanza 45 (scildir ro klofnir - shields are cloven).

The forms with /s/ instead of /r/ are older forms, found in the oldest manuscripts, Runic inscriptions and poems. Note that although er comes from earlier es, eru does not come from earlier *esu.

Conjugation of vera — active (irregular, suppletive)
infinitive vera, vesa
present participle verandi, vesandi
past participle verinn, vesinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular em var, vas
2nd-person singular ert, est vart, vast
3rd-person singular er, es var, vas
1st-person plural erum várum, vǫ́rum
2nd-person plural eruð váruð, vǫ́ruð
3rd-person plural eru váru, vǫ́ru
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular sjá, sé væra
2nd-person singular sér, séir værir
3rd-person singular sé, séi væri
1st-person plural sém værim
2nd-person plural séð, sét værið
3rd-person plural sé væri
imperative present
2nd-person singular ver, ves
1st-person plural ―
2nd-person plural verið, vesið

Descendants edit

References edit

  • “vera”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • vera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Pali edit

Alternative forms edit

Alternative forms

Etymology edit

Inherited from Sanskrit वैर (vaira)

Noun edit

vera n

  1. hatred
    • c. 50 BC, The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎[1], Colombo, 2009:
      3. අක‍්කොච‍්ඡි මං අවධි මං අජිනි මං අහාසි මෙ
      යෙ තං උපනය‍්හන‍්ති වෙරං තෙසං න සම‍්මති
      3. akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ ajini maṃ ahāsi me
      ye taṃ upanayhanti veraṃ tesaṃ na sammati
      He abused me, he struck me, he defeated me, he robbed me.
      Hatred does not subside for those who nurse grudges thus.
      (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)
    • c. 50 BC, The Buddha, Dhammapada(pāḷi), Yamakavagga, page 26; republished in The Eighteenth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Khuddaka-Nikāya‎[2], Colombo, 2009:
      5. න හි වෙරෙන වෙරාචී සම‍්මන‍්තීධ කුදාචනං 5
      අඞවරෙන ච සම‍්මන‍්ති එස ධම‍්මො සනන‍්තනො.
      5. Na hi verena verāni sammantīdha kudācanaṃ 5
      Averena ca sammanti esa dhammo sanantano.
      5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred,
      but are settled by love. This is an eternal truth.
      (literally, “5. For in this world hatreds are not ever settled by hatred,
      but are settled by love. This truth is eternal.      ”)
      (Wiktionary translation adapted from translation of the Pali by Ajahn Sujato.)

Declension edit

Declension table of "vera" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)veraṃverāni
Accusative (second)veraṃverāni
Instrumental (third)verenaverehi or verebhi
Dative (fourth)verassa or verāya or veratthaṃverānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)verasmā or veramhā or verāverehi or verebhi
Genitive (sixth)verassaverānaṃ
Locative (seventh)verasmiṃ or veramhi or vereveresu
Vocative (calling)veraverāni

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Portuguese edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

vera

  1. feminine singular of vero

Scots edit

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

vera (not comparable)

  1. Alternative form of verra

Adverb edit

vera (not comparable)

  1. Alternative form of verra

Serbo-Croatian edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *věra, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁ros.

Alternative forms edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ʋêra/
  • Hyphenation: ve‧ra

Noun edit

vȅra f (Cyrillic spelling ве̏ра)

  1. belief, faith
  2. religion
Declension edit
Declension of vera
singular plural
nominative vȅra vere
genitive vere vȇrā
dative veri verama
accusative veru vere
vocative vero vere
locative veri verama
instrumental verom verama
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from Italian vera.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ʋêːra/
  • Hyphenation: ve‧ra

Noun edit

vȇra f (Cyrillic spelling ве̑ра)

  1. wedding ring
Declension edit
Declension of vera
singular plural
nominative vȇra vere
genitive vere vȇrā
dative veri verama
accusative veru vere
vocative vero vere
locative veri verama
instrumental verom verama

Slovene edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Slavic *věra.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

vẹ́ra f

  1. belief
  2. faith
  3. religion

Inflection edit

 
 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing. véra
gen. sing. vére
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		véra véri vére
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		vére vér vér
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		véri vérama véram
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		véro véri vére
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		véri vérah vérah
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		véro vérama vérami

Derived terms edit

Further reading edit

  • “vera”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish edit

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): /ˈbeɾa/ [ˈbe.ɾa]
  • Rhymes: -eɾa
  • Syllabification: ve‧ra

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin viria.

Noun edit

vera f (plural veras)

  1. (poetic) side, face
    Synonyms: lado, cara
    a tu vera ― by your side.
  2. shore, bank (of a watercourse)
    Synonyms: ribera, orilla
  3. edge, border
    Synonym: orilla
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Borrowed from English verawood.

Noun edit

vera f (plural veras)

  1. verawood (Plectrocarpa arborea, syn. Bulnesia arborea)

Etymology 3 edit

Inflected form of vero

Adjective edit

vera

  1. feminine singular of vero

Further reading edit

Anagrams edit

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