para

See also: Appendix:Variations of "para"

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian pàra/па̀ра, from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: päʹrə, IPA^(key): /ˈpɑːɹə/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• (US) enPR: pärʹə, IPA^(key): /ˈpɑːɹə/
• Rhymes: -ɑːɹə

Noun

para (plural paras)

1. (historical) A former subunit of currency in several countries in the Ottoman/Turkish and Yugoslav regions.

Translations

currency

• Armenian: փարա (hy) (pʻara)
• Hungarian: para (hu)
• Persian: پاره (fa) (pâre)

Etymology 2

The second part of words such as primipara and multipara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpæɹə/, /ˈpɑːɹə/

Noun

para (plural paras)

1. (medicine) A woman who has given birth or brought pregnancies to viable gestational age a certain number of times, indicated by the number prepended to this word.

Related terms

• multipara
• nullipara
• primipara

See also

• gravida

Etymology 3

Clippings.

Pronunciation

• enPR: păʹrə, IPA^(key): /ˈpæɹə/
• Rhymes: -æɹə

Noun

para (plural paras)

1. Clipping of paragraph.
2. (military) Clipping of paratrooper.
   • 2023 September 26, Dan Sabbagh, “Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation”, in The Guardian‎^[2], →ISSN:

     Family of dead para launch legal challenge to Northern Ireland legacy legislation [title]

3. (US, education, informal) Clipping of paraprofessional educator.
4. Clipping of paraplegic.
   • 2010, Shelley Lynn Tremain, editor, Foucault and the Government of Disability:

     The problems that male paras encounter in relation to bladder management pale in significance when placed alongside the problems with bladder management that female paraplegics experience. For women paras, attempts are made to train the bladder to empty itself at regular intervals; however, accidents do happen.

Etymology 4

Shortened from paralytic

Pronunciation

• enPR: păʹrə, IPA^(key): /ˈpæɹə/

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æɹə

Adjective

para (comparative more para, superlative most para)

1. (UK, Australia, slang) very drunk

Synonyms

• See Thesaurus:drunk

Etymology 5

Noun

para

1. (New Zealand) Synonym of king fern (“the plant Ptisana salicina”)

See also

• para grass
• para para
• para red

 

Anagrams

• AARP, ARPA, Paar, Raap, Rapa, apar

'Are'are

Noun

para

1. fishhook

Verb

para

1. be white

References

• Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

Albanian

Etymology 1

Back formation from përpara, from Proto-Albanian *pər-parə-a, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-e/o-s (“before, in front”)

Preposition

para (+ablative)

1. before

   para afatit

   before the deadline

2. ago

   para dy shekujsh

   two centuries ago

3. (physical position) in front of

   para një pasqyre

   in front of a mirror

4. (presence) in front of, in the presence of

   para klasës

   in front of the class

Related terms

• përpara

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Noun

para f (plural para, definite paraja, definite plural paratë)

1. money

Asturian

Verb

para

1. third-person singular present indicative of parar
2. second-person singular imperative of parar

Bikol Central

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish parar (“to stop”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾa/, [ˈpa.ɾa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Interjection

pára (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

1. stop! (used as a command to stop a vehicle)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish para (“for”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾa/, [ˈpa.ɾa]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Preposition

pára (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

1. for

   Para sain ini?

   What's this for?

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾaʔ/, [ˈpa.ɾaʔ]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Preposition

parà (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

1. because of

   Para kaiyan?

   Because of that?

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾaʔ/, [ˈpa.ɾaʔ]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Noun

parà (Basahan spelling ᜉᜍ)

1. erasure

Derived terms

• magpara
• makapara
• mapara
• pamara
• paraon

 

Catalan

Verb

para

1. inflection of parar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Verb

para

1. to flag down; to signal to, especially to stop a passing vehicle etc.
2. to signal a driver to stop in order for one to alight a vehicle

Preposition

para

1. for

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

Alternative scripts
Arabic	پاره
Cyrillic	пара
Latin	para

From Persian پاره (pâre).

Noun

para

1. cash, money

Declension

Declension of para

nominative	para
genitive	paranıñ
dative	parağa
accusative	paranı
locative	parada
ablative	paradan

Synonyms

• aqça

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English para (paratrooper).

Noun

para f or m (plural para's)

1. para (paratrooper)

Synonyms

• paratroeper
• paracommando

Etymology 2

Clipping of paranoïde

Adjective

para (comparative paraer, superlative para'st)

1. (informal) Synonym of paranoïde

Esperanto

Etymology

From paro (“pair”) +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpara]
• Rhymes: -ara
• Hyphenation: par‧a

Adjective

para (accusative singular paran, plural paraj, accusative plural parajn)

1. even (not odd)
2. paired

Finnish

Etymology

Probably borrowed from North Germanic, from the same origin as Swedish bära (“to carry, bear”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrɑ/, [ˈpɑ̝rɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
• Syllabification^(key): pa‧ra

Noun

para

1. (witchcraft) A being created to bring milk or butter to its creator.

Declension

Inflection of para (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		para	parat
genitive		paran	parojen
partitive		paraa	paroja
illative		paraan	paroihin
		singular	plural
nominative		para	parat
accusative	nom.	para	parat
	gen.	paran
genitive		paran	parojen parain rare
partitive		paraa	paroja
inessive		parassa	paroissa
elative		parasta	paroista
illative		paraan	paroihin
adessive		paralla	paroilla
ablative		paralta	paroilta
allative		paralle	paroille
essive		parana	paroina
translative		paraksi	paroiksi
abessive		paratta	paroitta
instructive		—	paroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of para (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative parani parani accusative nom. parani parani gen. parani genitive parani parojeni paraini rare partitive paraani parojani inessive parassani paroissani elative parastani paroistani illative paraani paroihini adessive parallani paroillani ablative paraltani paroiltani allative paralleni paroilleni essive paranani paroinani translative parakseni paroikseni abessive parattani paroittani instructive — — comitative — paroineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative parasi parasi accusative nom. parasi parasi gen. parasi genitive parasi parojesi paraisi rare partitive paraasi parojasi inessive parassasi paroissasi elative parastasi paroistasi illative paraasi paroihisi adessive parallasi paroillasi ablative paraltasi paroiltasi allative parallesi paroillesi essive paranasi paroinasi translative paraksesi paroiksesi abessive parattasi paroittasi instructive — — comitative — paroinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative paramme paramme accusative nom. paramme paramme gen. paramme genitive paramme parojemme paraimme rare partitive paraamme parojamme inessive parassamme paroissamme elative parastamme paroistamme illative paraamme paroihimme adessive parallamme paroillamme ablative paraltamme paroiltamme allative parallemme paroillemme essive paranamme paroinamme translative paraksemme paroiksemme abessive parattamme paroittamme instructive — — comitative — paroinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative paranne paranne accusative nom. paranne paranne gen. paranne genitive paranne parojenne parainne rare partitive paraanne parojanne inessive parassanne paroissanne elative parastanne paroistanne illative paraanne paroihinne adessive parallanne paroillanne ablative paraltanne paroiltanne allative parallenne paroillenne essive parananne paroinanne translative paraksenne paroiksenne abessive parattanne paroittanne instructive — — comitative — paroinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative paransa paransa accusative nom. paransa paransa gen. paransa genitive paransa parojensa parainsa rare partitive paraansa parojaan parojansa inessive parassaan parassansa paroissaan paroissansa elative parastaan parastansa paroistaan paroistansa illative paraansa paroihinsa adessive parallaan parallansa paroillaan paroillansa ablative paraltaan paraltansa paroiltaan paroiltansa allative paralleen parallensa paroilleen paroillensa essive paranaan paranansa paroinaan paroinansa translative parakseen paraksensa paroikseen paroiksensa abessive parattaan parattansa paroittaan paroittansa instructive — — comitative — paroineen paroinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• paranvoi

 

Further reading

• “para”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Anagrams

• arpa, rapa

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

para

1. third-person singular past historic of parer

Anagrams

• râpa

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese pera, para, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).

Alternative forms

• pra

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pɐɾɐ], [pɾɐ]

Preposition

para

1. for (directed at, intended to belong to)
2. for (to obtain)
3. to, toward (indicating destination)
4. for (by the standards of)
5. (after a form of estar) about to

Usage notes

In spoken language this preposition frequently contracts with the next word, especially with articles and pronouns, but today these contraction are not usually represented in the written language.

Derived terms

• pró

Etymology 2

Deverbal from parar (“to prepare”). Cognate with Portuguese apara.

Paras de pataca ("potato peelings")

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpaɾɐ]

Noun

para f (plural paras)

1. peeling (of a fruit, vegetable, cheese)

   Synonyms: carapa, carapela, casca, monda, paraza, pela, peladura, peleca, plana, tona

2. shaving, woodshaving

   Synonyms: labra, lasca

Related terms

• parar
• reparar

 

Etymology 3

Verb

para

1. inflection of parar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. (reintegrationist norm) inflection of parir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

References

• Ernesto González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “para”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “para”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• “para” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “para” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “para” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Gamo

Noun

para

1. horse

References

• Corinna Handschuh, A typology of marked-S languages

Guaraní

Etymology

Cognate with Old Tupi pará.

Noun

para

1. sea

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɒrɒ]
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra
• Rhymes: -rɒ

Etymology 1

Of uncertain origin.

Noun

para (usually uncountable, plural parák)

2. suber, cork

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parák
accusative	parát	parákat
dative	parának	paráknak
instrumental	parával	parákkal
causal-final	paráért	parákért
translative	parává	parákká
terminative	paráig	parákig
essive-formal	paraként	parákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	parában	parákban
superessive	parán	parákon
adessive	paránál	paráknál
illative	parába	parákba
sublative	parára	parákra
allative	parához	parákhoz
elative	parából	parákból
delative	paráról	parákról
ablative	parától	paráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	paráé	paráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	paráéi	parákéi

Possessive forms of para
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	parám	paráim
2nd person sing.	parád	paráid
3rd person sing.	parája	parái
1st person plural	paránk	paráink
2nd person plural	parátok	paráitok
3rd person plural	parájuk	paráik

Derived terms

• parás

 

Compound words

• parafa
• paratölgy

 

Etymology 2

Perhaps from paranoia.

Noun

para

2. (slang) fear

   Synonyms: félelem, rettegés

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parák
accusative	parát	parákat
dative	parának	paráknak
instrumental	parával	parákkal
causal-final	paráért	parákért
translative	parává	parákká
terminative	paráig	parákig
essive-formal	paraként	parákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	parában	parákban
superessive	parán	parákon
adessive	paránál	paráknál
illative	parába	parákba
sublative	parára	parákra
allative	parához	parákhoz
elative	parából	parákból
delative	paráról	parákról
ablative	parától	paráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	paráé	paráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	paráéi	parákéi

Possessive forms of para
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	parám	paráim
2nd person sing.	parád	paráid
3rd person sing.	parája	parái
1st person plural	paránk	paráink
2nd person plural	parátok	paráitok
3rd person plural	parájuk	paráik

Derived terms

• parázik

 

Adjective

para (comparative parább, superlative legparább)

1. (slang) scary, spooky, sinister, dark

   Synonyms: félelmetes, rémisztő, ijesztő, baljós

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parák
accusative	parát	parákat
dative	parának	paráknak
instrumental	parával	parákkal
causal-final	paráért	parákért
translative	parává	parákká
terminative	paráig	parákig
essive-formal	paraként	parákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	parában	parákban
superessive	parán	parákon
adessive	paránál	paráknál
illative	parába	parákba
sublative	parára	parákra
allative	parához	parákhoz
elative	parából	parákból
delative	paráról	parákról
ablative	parától	paráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	paráé	paráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	paráéi	parákéi

Etymology 3

From paraméter.

Noun

para

2. (slang) (physical) parameter (height, weight, and age, often asked at the beginning of online dating)

   Synonym: paraméter

   Mik a paráid? ― What are your parameters?

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parák
accusative	parát	parákat
dative	parának	paráknak
instrumental	parával	parákkal
causal-final	paráért	parákért
translative	parává	parákká
terminative	paráig	parákig
essive-formal	paraként	parákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	parában	parákban
superessive	parán	parákon
adessive	paránál	paráknál
illative	parába	parákba
sublative	parára	parákra
allative	parához	parákhoz
elative	parából	parákból
delative	paráról	parákról
ablative	parától	paráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	paráé	paráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	paráéi	parákéi

Possessive forms of para
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	parám	paráim
2nd person sing.	parád	paráid
3rd person sing.	parája	parái
1st person plural	paránk	paráink
2nd person plural	parátok	paráitok
3rd person plural	parájuk	paráik

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (para, “money”), from Persian پاره (pâre, “piece”).

Noun

para (plural parák)

2. para (a subunit of Ottoman currency)

Derived terms

• parányi

 

Further reading

• parafa and paratölgy in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Ido

Adjective

para

1. (mathematics) even

Antonyms

• nepara

Indonesian

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ra/

Particle

para

1. definitive particle used to denote that the word preceded is plural

   para siswa ― students

Usage notes

• This particle is only used in human nouns. Plural forms of other nouns are formed by reduplication.

See also

• itu

Ingrian

Para.

Etymology

Akin to Finnish para and Karelian para.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrɑ/, [ˈpɑrɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈpɑrɑ/, [ˈpɑrɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Noun

para

1. (folklore) troll cat (being designed to bring milk to its creator)

Declension

Declension of para (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination)
	singular	plural
nominative	para	parat
genitive	paran	parroin
partitive	parraa	paroja
illative	parraa	parroi
inessive	paras	parois
elative	parast	paroist
allative	paralle	paroille
adessive	paral	paroil
ablative	paralt	paroilt
translative	paraks	paroiks
essive	paranna, parraan	paroinna, parroin
exessive1)	parant	paroint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 383

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ra/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Hyphenation: pà‧ra

Etymology 1

From Pará, Brazil, where it is produced.

Noun

para f (plural pare)

1. crepe rubber
2. crepe (for shoes)

Etymology 2

Clipping.

Noun

para f (uncountable)

1. (slang) paranoia

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

para

1. inflection of parare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• apar, apra, arpa, rapa

Javanese

Article

para

1. marker of group or collectivity

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese parar.

Verb

para

1. to stop

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pàra. By surface analysis, deverbal from parzëc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpara/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: pa‧ra

Noun

para f

1. steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)

   Synonym: ropa

Further reading

• Bernard Sychta (1967–1973) “para”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich, volume 4, page 27
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “para woda”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[4]
• “para”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latin

Verb

parā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of parō

References

• para in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• "para", in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

Lithuanian

Noun

para f

1. 24 hours (day)

   Aš manau kad užtruks apie vieną parą.

   I think it will take about 24 hours.

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /para/
  • (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [parə]
• Rhymes: -a

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paRa (collective particle). Compare Acehnese para (“horde, troop”).

Prefix

para (Jawi spelling ڤارا)

1. definitive prefix used to denote that the word preceded is plural

   para murid ― students

Descendants

• Indonesian: para

Etymology 2

From Proto-Austronesian *paRa (“storage shelf; attic, loft”). Compare Tagalog pága (“storage loft made of bamboo attached to ceiling”).

Noun

para (Jawi spelling ڤارا, plural para-para, informal 1st possessive paraku, 2nd possessive paramu, 3rd possessive paranya)

1. shelf

   Synonym: rak

   para buku ― bookshelf

2. rubber (of the material)

   Synonyms: getah, karet

   nilai para ― value of rubber

Descendants

• Indonesian: para

Further reading

• “para” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paRa₂”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*paRa₁”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Masurian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parżicz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpara]
• Syllabification: pa‧ra

Noun

para f

1. steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)
2. breath

Further reading

• Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2024) “I. para”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎^[5], volume 6, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 29

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• parene

Noun

para n pl

1. definite plural of par

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

para n pl

1. definite plural of par

Old Polish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pàra. By surface analysis, deverbal from parzyć. First attested in 1420.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /para/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /para/

Noun

para f

1. steam
   • 1451-1455, Legenda o świętym Aleksym‎^[6], line 215:

     Kogokole para szaleczala oth thego szwyathego czala, ktoryle chorobą myal, nathemyescz szdrow ostal

     [Kogokole para zaleciała ot tego świętego ciała, ktoryle chorobę miał, natemieśc[ie] zdrow ostał]

2. breath
   • 1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności‎^{[7], [8], [9]}, volume XXIII, page 270:

     Faucibus, gl. ore, exuberat, gl. exit, grauis anhelitus dvch, para

     [Faucibus, gl. ore, exuberat, gl. exit, grauis anhelitus duch, para]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 129r:

     Spiraculum id est anhelitus vel foramen per quod spiratur proprie der atem. Spiramen idem pąrą vel dech

     [Spiraculum id est anhelitus vel foramen per quod spiratur proprie der atem. Spiramen idem para vel dech]

Derived terms

adjectives

• parny

 

Related terms

nouns

• parzydło

 

Descendants

• Masurian: para (“steam”)
• Polish: para (“steam”)
• Silesian: para (“steam”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle High German pâr. First attested in 1447.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /paːra/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /pɒra/

Noun

para f

1. pair (two of the same or similar things)
   • 1912-1930 [1447], Monumenta Iuris cura praepositorum Chartophylacio Maximo Varsoviensi, volume III, page 156:

     Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tharling pannorum coltryskych, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par *puolstuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tharling staminorum vlg. *puolstuczkow coltryskych dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quod par *puolstuczkuow per XII florenos Vngaricales

     [Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tarlink pannorum koltryskich, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par połusztuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tarlink staminorum vlg. połusztuczkow koltryskich dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quod par połusztuczk[u]ow per XII florenos Vngaricales]

Descendants

• Masurian: pára (“pair”)
• Polish: para (“pair”)
  • → Kashubian: pôra
• Silesian: pŏra (“pair”)

References

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “para I-II”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Mańczak, Witold (2017) “para I-II”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “para 1-2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “para”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “para”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• 𑀧𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• पर (Devanagari script)
• পর (Bengali script)
• පර (Sinhalese script)
• ပရ (Burmese script)
• ปร or ปะระ (Thai script)
• ᨷᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ປຣ or ປະຣະ (Lao script)
• បរ (Khmer script)
• 𑄛𑄢 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit पर (para), from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

Adjective

para

1. other, another
2. alien
3. outsider
4. further (on)
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[10], page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥

     Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.

     With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.

Declension

Declension table of "para" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	paro	pare
Accusative (second)	paraṃ	pare
Instrumental (third)	parena	parehi or parebhi
Dative (fourth)	parassa	paresaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	parasmā or paramhā or parā	parehi or parebhi
Genitive (sixth)	parassa	paresaṃ
Locative (seventh)	parasmiṃ or paramhi or pare	paresu

Declension table of "parā" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	parā	parāyo or parā
Accusative (second)	paraṃ	parāyo or parā
Instrumental (third)	parāya	parāhi or parābhi
Dative (fourth)	parāya	parāsaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	parāya	parāhi or parābhi
Genitive (sixth)	parāya	parāsaṃ
Locative (seventh)	parāya or parāyaṃ	parāsu

Declension table of "para" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	paraṃ	parāni
Accusative (second)	paraṃ	parāni
Instrumental (third)	parena	parehi or parebhi
Dative (fourth)	parassa	paresaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	parasmā or paramhā or parā	parehi or parebhi
Genitive (sixth)	parassa	paresaṃ
Locative (seventh)	parasmiṃ or paramhi or pare	paresu

Derived terms

• pāra

References

• Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “para”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Papiamentu

Etymology 1

From Spanish pájaro and Portuguese pássaro and Kabuverdianu pasaru.

Noun

para

1. bird

Etymology 2

From Portuguese parar and Spanish parar and Kabuverdianu para.

Verb

para

1. to stop
2. to stand

Polish

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parzyć.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ra/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: pa‧ra
• Homophones: Para, para-

Noun

para f (related adjective parowy)

1. (uncountable) steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)
2. (uncountable, colloquial) steam (internal energy for progress or motive power)
3. (uncountable) breath

   Synonyms: dech, tchnienie

Declension

Declension of para

	singular
nominative	para
genitive	pary
dative	parze
accusative	parę
instrumental	parą
locative	parze
vocative	paro

Derived terms

adverbs

• ani pary z gęby
• całą parą
• pełną parą
• pod parą

 

nouns

• para w gwizdek

 

verbs

• cała para poszła w gwizdek pf, cała para idzie w gwizdek impf
• nie puścić pary z ust pf, nie puszczać pary z ust impf
• pójść w parze pf, iść w parze impf
• puścić parę w gwizdek pf, puszczać parę w gwizdek impf

 

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish para (“pair”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ra/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈpɒ.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: pa‧ra
• Homophones: Para, para-

Noun

para f

1. (countable) pair (two similar or identical things taken together)
2. (countable) pair (two symmetrical organs or limbs)
3. (countable) pair (object made of two things, such as scissors or pants)
4. (countable) pair (two people, animals, or groups in the same place at the same time)
5. (countable) pair, couple (two people in a relationship or partnership)

Declension

Declension of para

	singular	plural
nominative	para	pary
genitive	pary	par
dative	parze	parom
accusative	parę	pary
instrumental	parą	parami
locative	parze	parach
vocative	paro	pary

Derived terms

adverbs

• parę

 

nouns

• inna para kaloszy
• młoda para

 

proverbs

• nieszczęścia chodzą parami

 

Descendants

• → Kashubian: pôra

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

para

1. third-person singular present of parać

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), para is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 43 times in scientific texts, 13 times in news, 4 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 11 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 87 times, making it the 733rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• para in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• para in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “1. para”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “2. para”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[11]
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎^[12]
• A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “para”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎^[13] (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 50

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From earlier pera, from Old Galician-Portuguese pera, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).

Alternative forms

• pra, pa (syncopic forms)

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pa.ɾɐ/, (with syncope) /pɾa/, /pa/, /pɾɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pa.ɾɐ/, (with syncope) /pɾa/, /pa/, /pɾɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /pa.ɾa/, (with syncope) /pɾa/, /pa/, /pɾɐ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾɐ/, (with syncope) /pɾɐ/, /pɐ/

• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Preposition

para

2. for (directed at, intended to belong to or to be appropriate for)

   Ração para gatos.

   Food for cats.

   O que é bom para gripe?

   What is good for the flu?

   • 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 186:

     Tenho um recado para você.

     I have a message for you.

4. indicates application of an adjective; to
   • 2001, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo [Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire] (Harry Potter; 4), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 514:

     E quantos serão bastante tolos para ficar longe de mim?

     And how many will be foolish enough to stay away from me?

6. to; so; in order to (indicates purpose)

   Comprei um baixo para tocar numa banda.

   I bought a bass to play in a band.

8. towards; to; in the direction of (indicates destination)

   Synonyms: a, até

   Vamos para a minha casa.

   Let’s go to my house.

   • 2003, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 656:

     Ele podia ouvi-la se deslocando para a direita, para obter uma visão desimpedida dele.

     He could hear her moving herself to the right, to obtain an unobstructed view of him.

10. introduces the location, direction or context that applies to a verb

    Essa janela abre para um longo vale.

    That window opens into a long valley.

12. to (to the value of)

    A cor da banana mudou de amarelo para preto.

    The colour of the banana changed from yellow to black.

    O valor da minha casa baixou para menos do que o que eu paguei.

    The value of my house has fallen to less than what I paid.

14. in the opinion of

    Para mim, este livro é um dos melhores da história.

    In my opinion, this book is one of the best ever.

16. (with an infinitive) about to; soon to be (indicates that something will happen soon)

    Synonyms: prestes a, por

    Fiquem quietos que o filme está para começar.

    Be quiet because the film is about to begin.

Contraction

Para + definite article contractions are colloquial. Those without r are nonstandard:

• para + o → pro, po
• para + os → pros, pos
• para + a → pra, pa
• para + as → pras, pas

Para + indefinite article contractions are also nonstandard, but are not as common:

• para + um → prum
• para + uns → pruns
• para + uma → pruma
• para + umas → prumas

There are some para + personal pronoun contractions, which are also nonstandard and uncommon in writing:

• para + eu → preu
• para + você → procê
• para + ele → prele
• para + eles → preles
• para + ela → prela
• para + elas → prelas

Usage notes

Some senses of para, such as 'in order to', introduce a subordinate clause. When this clause begins with a personal pronoun, some Brazilian speakers use a prepositional pronoun instead of a nominative one:

• Comprei um bolo para mim comer.

  I bought a cake for me to eat.

instead of the standard,

• Comprei um bolo para eu comer.

  I bought a cake for me to eat.

Such usage is strongly proscribed.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:para.

Derived terms

• estar para
• para com
• para já
• para que

 

Related terms

• pelo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

• pára (pre-1990 spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ɾɐ/

• Rhymes: -aɾɐ
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Verb

para

1. inflection of parar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Quechua

Noun

para

1. rain

Derived terms

• para jark'ana

See also

• paray
• tamya

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Noun

para f (plural parale)

1. para
2. money

Declension

Declension of para

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(o) para	paraua	(niște) parale	paralele
genitive/dative	(unei) parale	paralei	(unor) parale	paralelor
vocative	—		—

Derived terms

• părăluță (“small coin”, diminutive)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French parer.

Verb

a para (third-person singular present parează, past participle parat) 1st conj.

1. to parry

Etymology 3

Noun

para

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of pară

Sanaviron

Noun

para

1. water

See also

• mampa

References

• Julio Salinardi, Córdoba y Traslasierra: integración y disgregación (2006): Con respecto a la lengua sanavirona, hay algunas palabras cuyo significado es seguro, tales comon sacat (pueblo), charaba (cacique), para (agua) y mampa (acequia).
• Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 48

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *para, *parъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâra/
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra
• Rhymes: -âra

Noun

pȁra f (Cyrillic spelling па̏ра)

1. steam
2. vapor
3. fume

Declension

Declension of para

	singular	plural
nominative	pȁra	pare
genitive	pare	pȃrā
dative	pari	parama
accusative	paru	pare
vocative	paro	pare
locative	pari	parama
instrumental	parom	parama

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pǎra/
• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Noun

pàra f (Cyrillic spelling па̀ра)

1. para (Yugoslav currency)
2. (colloquial) money, dough, moola (usually in plural)
   • 2010 April 12, Dubioza kolektiv (lyrics and music), “Kokuz”‎^[14]:

     Nemam para daj posudi
     Il' mi žirant makar budi
     Steglo brate sa svih strana
     Trebam pomoć od jarana

     I don't have moola, lend me some
     or be my guarantor
     It's tightening from all sides my bro
     I need help from my buddies.

Declension

Declension of para

	singular	plural
nominative	pàra	pare
genitive	pare	pȃrā
dative	pari	parama
accusative	paru	pare
vocative	paro	pare
locative	pari	parama
instrumental	parom	parama

Silesian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish para (“steam”). By surface analysis, deverbal from parzić.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpara/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: pa‧ra

Noun

para f

1. steam (vapor formed when water changes from the liquid phase to the gas phase)

Derived terms

adjectives

• parny

 

verbs

• parować

 

Related terms

nouns

• parność
• parzynie
• parzōnka

 

Further reading

• para in silling.org
• Bogdan Kallus (2020) “para”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “para”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski‎^[15], page 469

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾa/ [ˈpa.ɾa]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾa
• Syllabification: pa‧ra

Etymology 1

From earlier pora (a combination of por and a, or from Latin prō ad) via assimilation, influenced by the archaic preposition par.^[16]

Preposition

para

1. for, to (expressing a recipient)

   Synonyms: pa', (colloquial) pa

   La niña compró un regalo de navidad para su abuela.

   The girl bought a Christmas gift for her grandmother.

   Ahora me gustaría hacer un truco de magia para ustedes.

   I'd now like to perform a magic trick for you all.

2. to, in order to, so, for (expressing the intended purpose of an action)

   Estudio cada noche sin descanso para conseguir un trabajo decente al fin de todo esto.

   I study every night tirelessly so that I get a decent job at the end of all this.

   Voy a salir temprano para evitar el tráfico.

   I am going to leave early to avoid traffic.

3. by, due, due on, due by (expressing a deadline)

   Necesito tu decisión para fin de mes.

   I need your decision by the end of the month.

   Sus proyectos de grupo son para el viernes sin excepción.

   Your group projects are due on Friday without exception.

4. for (expressing contrast from what is expected)

   Para un turista americano, él es en realidad bastante respetuoso.

   For an American tourist, he is actually pretty respectful.

5. for, to, in one's opinion, as far as one is concerned (expressing an opinion, perception or perspective)

   Para mí, la música es lo único bueno sobre esa película.

   For me, the music was the only good thing about that film.

   Para mi hermano, su esposa tiene toda la razón.

   As far as my brother is concerned, his wife is totally in the right.

6. for (expressing using one's efforts for a group or an authority figure such as a sports team or a company/boss)

   Mi sobrino juega para el equipo de los Patos Poderosos.

   My nephew plays for the Mighty Ducks' team.

   Trabajamos para la misma jefe aunque no al mismo tiempo.

   We worked for the same boss but not at the same time.

   Ella trabajó para Microsoft durante años, pero ahora trabaja para Apple.

   She worked for Microsoft for years, but now she works for Apple.

7. come (used to indicate a point in time at or after which a stated event or situation occurs)

   Para septiembre, me estaré quedando atrás.

   Come September, I'll be getting left behind.

Derived terms

• como para
• estar para
• para abajo
• para arriba y para abajo
• para ayer
• para colmo
• para con
• para entonces
• para gustos colores
• para gustos hay colores
• para más datos
• para más inri
• para muestra un botón
• para qué
• para que
• para siempre
• para sus adentros
• tal para cual

 

Descendants

• → Hiligaynon: para
• → Tagalog: para

See also

• por

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

para

1. inflection of parar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

para

1. inflection of parir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “para”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Etymology 1

From par +‎ -a.

Verb

para (present parar, preterite parade, supine parat, imperative para)

1. to pair, match into pairs
2. (transitive) to breed (two animals)
3. (reflexive, of animals) to mate, breed

Conjugation

Conjugation of para (weak)

	Active		Passive
Infinitive	para		paras
Supine	parat		parats
Imperative	para		—
Imper. plural1	paren		—
	Present	Past	Present	Past
Indicative	parar	parade	paras	parades
Ind. plural1	para	parade	paras	parades
Subjunctive2	pare	parade	pares	parades
	Participles
Present participle	parande
Past participle	parad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• parning

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Turkish para.

Noun

para c

1. (slang) money

Derived terms

• paraknas

References

• para in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• para in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• para in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• apar, rapa

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾa/ [ˈpaː.ɾɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾa
• Syllabification: pa‧ra

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish para (“for”).

Conjunction

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. for; so; in order to

   Synonyms: upang, nang

   Para makapasok sa eskuwelahan, kailangan mo ng valid ID.

   In order to be able to go inside the school, you need a valid ID.

Preposition

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. for

   Nagtatrabaho si Ate Virgie para sa kanyang pamilya.

   Virgie works for her family.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish para (“stop”) (second person singular imperative), from parar (“stop”).

Interjection

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. Said by any jeepney passenger to call onto the driver to halt the vehicle, with the intention of dismounting.

   Synonyms: tigil, hinto

Usage notes

• The word is usually paired with ho or po for respect: para ho / para po.

Derived terms

• parahin
• pumara

 

Related terms

• antipara
• paragwas
• parakaida
• parakaidero
• parakaydista
• pararayos
• parasol

 

Etymology 3

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pada (“same, equal, like”). Compare Ilocano pada, Malay pada, Makasar ᨄᨑ (para), Old Javanese paḍa. Also possibly borrowed from Spanish comparar.

Adjective

para (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜇ)

1. looking like; seem

   Synonym: mukha

   Para kang tanga...

   You look like an idiot...

   Parang may gusto ka sa akin.

   You seem to like me / have a crush on me.

Usage notes

• This word is now usually seen as parang, except when an enclitic is used which separates para and -ng, although this could be ignored also and have the enclitic after the word parang modifies.

  Parang... Parang aso siya.

  It looks like... It looks like a dog.

  (instead of Para siyang aso.)

• This word may appear as parang alone. For example, when agreeing with someone that it actually looks like a dog, you reply with parang “It seems so”, or parang nga “It actually looks like one”.
• This word used to be used like tulad or gaya, it used genitive case (ng, mo, etc.) instead of the linker -ng. Seen in the Lord's Prayer (Ama Namin), which is still preserved today. The Lord's Prayer spells ng as nang.

  Dito sa lupa, para nang sa langit.

  On earth as it is in heaven.

Derived terms

• himara
• ipara
• kapara
• magkapara
• magkaparahan
• magpara
• magparahan
• makipara
• pagparahin
• para-para
• parahan
• parahin
• parang
• pumara
• walang kapara

 

See also

• gaya
• tila
• tulad

 

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish پاره (pare, para), from Persian پاره (pâre). Doublet of pare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑˈɾɑ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: pa‧ra

Noun

para (definite accusative parayı, plural paralar)

1. money

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	para
Definite accusative	parayı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	para	paralar
Definite accusative	parayı	paraları
Dative	paraya	paralara
Locative	parada	paralarda
Ablative	paradan	paralardan
Genitive	paranın	paraların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular param paralarım 2nd singular paran paraların 3rd singular parası paraları 1st plural paramız paralarımız 2nd plural paranız paralarınız 3rd plural paraları paraları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular paramı paralarımı 2nd singular paranı paralarını 3rd singular parasını paralarını 1st plural paramızı paralarımızı 2nd plural paranızı paralarınızı 3rd plural paralarını paralarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular parama paralarıma 2nd singular parana paralarına 3rd singular parasına paralarına 1st plural paramıza paralarımıza 2nd plural paranıza paralarınıza 3rd plural paralarına paralarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular paramda paralarımda 2nd singular paranda paralarında 3rd singular parasında paralarında 1st plural paramızda paralarımızda 2nd plural paranızda paralarınızda 3rd plural paralarında paralarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular paramdan paralarımdan 2nd singular parandan paralarından 3rd singular parasından paralarından 1st plural paramızdan paralarımızdan 2nd plural paranızdan paralarınızdan 3rd plural paralarından paralarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular paramın paralarımın 2nd singular paranın paralarının 3rd singular parasının paralarının 1st plural paramızın paralarımızın 2nd plural paranızın paralarınızın 3rd plural paralarının paralarının

Derived terms

• (informal) beş para etmez (“twopenny-ha'penny, inconsequential, ineffective, contemptible”)
• (informal) beş parasız (“stone broke”)
• (informal) para babası (“rolling in money”)
• (idiomatic) para pul (“material wealth,fiat and representative money”)
• paralı
• parasız
• sahte para (“counterfeit money”)

 

Descendants

• → German: Para
• → Swedish: para

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpara/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈpa(ː)ra/

Verb

para (first-person singular present paraf)

1. Alternative form of parhau (“to endure, to last”)

Conjugation

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	para i, paraf i	pari di	parith o/e/hi, pariff e/hi	parwn ni	parwch chi	paran nhw
conditional	parwn i, parswn i	paret ti, parset ti	parai fo/fe/hi, parsai fo/fe/hi	paren ni, parsen ni	parech chi, parsech chi	paren nhw, parsen nhw
preterite	parais i, pares i	paraist ti, parest ti	parodd o/e/hi	paron ni	paroch chi	paron nhw
imperative	—	para	—	—	parwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Noun

para m (uncountable)

1. continuance, perseverance, permanence

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
para	bara	mhara	phara
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “parhau”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies