Αἰθίοψ
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *aitʰiyokʷs, explained since antiquity as αἴθω (aíthō, “I burn”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “face”), though this is a folk etymology.[1]
Beekes argues that the first assumed root always has senses related to brightness and never to darkness, that the -ί- as well as -ο- instead of -ώ- are unexplained (the explanation actually is something), and that -οπ- (-οψ) is a typical Pre-Greek substrate suffix observed in ethnonyms like Δόλοψ (Dólops) and Δρύοψ (Drúops). The suffix is shaped differently in Mycenaean Greek 𐁁𐀴𐀍𐀦 (ai-ti-jo-qo).[1][2]
A connection to this colour however brings closer the native Ethiopian Semitic ዕጣን (ʿəṭan, “incense”) to explain the unsuffixed etymon. Frankincense had the primary characteristic of being white, so also the source of λίβανος (líbanos, “incense”) is a Semitic root related to whiteness. The word might ultimately refer to the incense trade passing from Abyssinia. The folk of Ethiopia was so noted for earning its living by olibanum commerce that the Arabs even derived a term حَبَشَ (ḥabaša, “to earn, to obtain for the household”) from their other ethnonym اَلْحَبَشَة (al-ḥabaša).
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ai̯.tʰí.ops/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɛˈtʰi.ops/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɛˈθi.ops/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /eˈθi.ops/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /eˈθi.ops/
Noun
editΑἰθίοψ • (Aithíops) m (genitive Αἰθίοπος); third declension
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ Αἰθῐ́οψ ho Aithíops |
τὼ Αἰθῐ́οπε tṑ Aithíope |
οἱ Αἰθῐ́οπες hoi Aithíopes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ Αἰθῐ́οπος toû Aithíopos |
τοῖν Αἰθῐόποιν toîn Aithiópoin |
τῶν Αἰθῐόπων tôn Aithiópōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ Αἰθῐ́οπῐ tôi Aithíopi |
τοῖν Αἰθῐόποιν toîn Aithiópoin |
τοῖς Αἰθῐ́οψῐ / Αἰθῐ́οψῐν toîs Aithíopsi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν Αἰθῐ́οπᾰ tòn Aithíopa |
τὼ Αἰθῐ́οπε tṑ Aithíope |
τοὺς Αἰθῐ́οπᾰς toùs Aithíopas | ||||||||||
Vocative | Αἰθῐ́οψ Aithíops |
Αἰθῐ́οπε Aithíope |
Αἰθῐ́οπες Aithíopes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
edit- Αἰθιοπίᾱ (Aithiopíā)
- αἰθῐοπῐ́ζω (aithiopízō)
- Αἰθῐοπῐκός (Aithiopikós)
- Αἰθῐοπῐ́ς (Aithiopís)
- αἰθῐοπῐ́ς (aithiopís)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, R. S. P. (1995) “Aithiopes”, in Glotta[1], volume 73, number 1/4, pages 12–34
- ^ Beekes, R. S. P. (1969) The Development of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Greek, Paris: Mouton, page 194
Further reading
edit- “Αἰθίοψ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “Αἰθίοψ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- Bekerie, Ayele (2004) “Ethiopica: Some Historical Reflections on the Origin of the Word Ethiopia”, in International Journal of Ethiopian Studies[2], volume 1, number 2, page 113
- Αἰθίοψ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “Αἰθίοψ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G128 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek compound terms
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Ethiopian Semitic languages
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -οψ
- grc:Demonyms