Καῖσαρ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• Τζαῖσαρ (Tzaîsar) — Byzantine

Etymology

From Latin Caesar.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kâi̯.sar/ → /ˈcɛ.sar/ → /ˈce.sar/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kâi̯.sar/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkɛ.sar/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcɛ.sar/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈce.sar/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈce.sar/

Noun

Καῖσᾰρ • (Kaîsar) m (genitive Καίσᾰρος); third declension

1. Caesar
2. emperor

Declension

Third declension of ὁ Καῖσᾰρ; τοῦ Καίσᾰρος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Καῖσᾰρ ho Kaîsar	τὼ Καίσᾰρε tṑ Kaísare	οἱ Καίσᾰρες hoi Kaísares
Genitive	τοῦ Καίσᾰρος toû Kaísaros	τοῖν Καισᾰ́ροιν toîn Kaisároin	τῶν Καισᾰ́ρων tôn Kaisárōn
Dative	τῷ Καίσᾰρῐ tôi Kaísari	τοῖν Καισᾰ́ροιν toîn Kaisároin	τοῖς Καίσᾰρσῐ / Καίσᾰρσῐν toîs Kaísarsi(n)
Accusative	τὸν Καίσᾰρᾰ tòn Kaísara	τὼ Καίσᾰρε tṑ Kaísare	τοὺς Καίσᾰρᾰς toùs Kaísaras
Vocative	Καῖσᾰρ Kaîsar	Καίσᾰρε Kaísare	Καίσᾰρες Kaísares
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• Καισᾰ́ρειος (Kaisáreios)
• Καισᾰ́ρειᾰ (Kaisáreia) / καισᾰ́ρηᾰ (kaisárēa)
• Καισᾰρεών (Kaisareṓn)
• Καισᾰ́ρῐος (Kaisários)

Descendants

• Greek: Καίσαρ (Kaísar), Καίσαρας (Kaísaras)
• → Coptic: ⲕⲁⲓⲥⲁⲣ (kaisar)
• → Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂 (kaisar)
• → Meroitic: 𐦲𐦢𐦯𐦫𐦢 (kisri /⁠kisari⁠/)
• → Aghwan: 𐕄𐔶𐕚𐔰𐕙 (ḳēsar), 𐕄𐔴𐕚𐔰𐕙 (ḳesar)
• → Old Armenian: կայսր (kaysr), կեսար (kesar)
• → Old Georgian: კეისარი (ḳeisari)
• → Russian: ке́сарь (késarʹ)

References

• “Καῖσαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• G2541 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,004