Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From πνεῦμᾰ (pneûma, “breath, vital force, soul”) + ἅγῐος (hágios, “holy”), a calque of Hebrew רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ‎ (rū́aḥ haqqṓḏeš).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pnêu̯.ma tò há.ɡi.on/ → /ˈpneβ.ma to ˈa.ɣi.on/ → /ˈpnev.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pnêu̯.ma tò há.ɡi.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpnew.ma to ˈ(h)a.ɡi.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpneβ.ma to ˈa.ɣi.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpnev.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpnev.ma to ˈa.ʝi.on/

Proper noun

Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον • (Pneûma tò Hágion) n (genitive Πνεύμᾰτος τοῦ Ἁγῐ́ου); third declension

1. (Christianity) The Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit.

Declension

Declension of Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον, Πνεύμᾰτος τοῦ Ἁγῐ́ου

Case / #	Singular
Nominative	τὸ Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον
Genitive	τοῦ Πνεύμᾰτος τοῦ Ἁγῐ́ου
Dative	τῷ Πνεύμᾰτῐ τῷ Ἁγῐ́ῳ
Accusative	τὸ Πνεῦμᾰ τὸ Ἅγῐον
Vocative	Πνεῦμᾰ Ἅγῐον

Descendants

• Greek: Άγιον Πνεύμα (Ágion Pnévma)
• → Latin: Spīritus Sānctus, spīritus sānctus (calque)
  • → Old English: hālig gāst (calque)
    • Middle English: holigost
      • English: Holy Ghost
    • → Old High German: heilagēr geist (calque)
      • Middle High German: heileger geist
        • German: Heiliger Geist