soul
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”).
Cognate with Scots saul, sowel (“soul”), North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) Scandinavian homonyms seem to have been borrowed from Old Saxon *siala. Modern Danish sjæl, Swedish själ, Norwegian sjel. Icelandic sál may have come from Old English sāwol.
Alternative formsEdit
- sowl (archaic)
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: sōl, IPA(key): /səʊl/
- (General American) enPR: sōl, IPA(key): /soʊl/
Audio (GA) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊl
- Homophones: Seoul, sole, sowl
NounEdit
soul (countable and uncountable, plural souls)
- (religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality. Often believed to live on after the person's death.
- 1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid
- "Among the daughters of the air," answered one of them. "A mermaid has not an immortal soul, nor can she obtain one unless she wins the love of a human being. On the power of another hangs her eternal destiny. But the daughters of the air, although they do not possess an immortal soul, can, by their good deeds, procure one for themselves.
- 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 4, in The Celebrity:
- No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or […] . And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he was off with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness.
- 2015 September 15, Toby Fox, Undertale, Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X:
- Flowey: See that heart? That is your SOUL, the very culmination of your being!
- 1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid
- The spirit or essence of anything.
- 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 22, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
- From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.
- Life, energy, vigor.
- 1728, Edward Young, The Love of Fame
- That he wants algebra he must confess; / But not a soul to give our arms success.
- 1728, Edward Young, The Love of Fame
- (music) Soul music.
- A person, especially as one among many.
- 18 January 1915, D. H. Lawrence, letter to William Hopkin
- I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency.
- 18 January 1915, D. H. Lawrence, letter to William Hopkin
- An individual life.
- Fifty souls were lost when the ship sank.
- (mathematics) A kind of submanifold involved in the soul theorem of Riemannian geometry.
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:soul.
SynonymsEdit
- (spirit or essence of anything): crux, gist; See also Thesaurus:gist
- (a person): See also Thesaurus:person
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
VerbEdit
soul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)
- (obsolete, transitive) To endow with a soul; to furnish with a soul or mind.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)
- To beg on All Soul's Day.
- Coordinate term: trick-or-treat
- 1981, Geoffrey Scard, Squire and tenant: life in rural Cheshire, 1760-1900, page 93:
- All Souls' Day was celebrated by souling, a custom going back to pre-Reformation days: soul cakers and mummers toured the village begging for a soul cake — a plain, round, flat cake seasoned with spices.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from French souler (“to satiate”).
VerbEdit
soul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)
- (obsolete) To afford suitable sustenance.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Warner to this entry?)
- 1741, unknown [formerly attributed to Daniel Defoe], The Life and Adventures of Mrs. Christian Davies, the British Amazon, commonly called Mother Ross: […], 2nd edition, London: Printed for R[ichard] Montagu, OCLC 221024157, part II, page 76:
- During my Stay here, I was going to take Pot-Luck with Colonel Ingram, and accidentally meeting him in the Way, I told him I deſigned to ſoul a Plate with him, [...]
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for soul in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
ReferencesEdit
- soul at OneLook Dictionary Search
- soul in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- soul in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
AnagramsEdit
CzechEdit
NounEdit
soul m
- soul (music style)
Further readingEdit
- soul in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
soul
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of soul (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | soul | — | |
genitive | soulin | — | |
partitive | soulia | — | |
illative | souliin | — | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | soul | — | |
accusative | nom. | soul | — |
gen. | soulin | ||
genitive | soulin | — | |
partitive | soulia | — | |
inessive | soulissa | — | |
elative | soulista | — | |
illative | souliin | — | |
adessive | soulilla | — | |
ablative | soulilta | — | |
allative | soulille | — | |
essive | soulina | — | |
translative | souliksi | — | |
instructive | — | — | |
abessive | soulitta | — | |
comitative | — | — |
Possessive forms of soul (type risti) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | soulini | soulimme |
2nd person | soulisi | soulinne |
3rd person | soulinsa |
AnagramsEdit
FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin satullus, diminutive of satur.
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /su/
- Homophones: sou, sous
AdjectiveEdit
soul (feminine singular soule, masculine plural souls, feminine plural soules)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
soul f (uncountable)
Further readingEdit
- “soul” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
soul (plural soulok)
DeclensionEdit
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | soul | soulok |
accusative | soult | soulokat |
dative | soulnak | souloknak |
instrumental | soullal | soulokkal |
causal-final | soulért | soulokért |
translative | soullá | soulokká |
terminative | soulig | soulokig |
essive-formal | soulként | soulokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | soulban | soulokban |
superessive | soulon | soulokon |
adessive | soulnál | souloknál |
illative | soulba | soulokba |
sublative | soulra | soulokra |
allative | soulhoz | soulokhoz |
elative | soulból | soulokból |
delative | soulról | soulokról |
ablative | soultól | souloktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
soulé | souloké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
souléi | soulokéi |
Possessive forms of soul | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | soulom | souljaim |
2nd person sing. | soulod | souljaid |
3rd person sing. | soulja | souljai |
1st person plural | soulunk | souljaink |
2nd person plural | soulotok | souljaitok |
3rd person plural | souljuk | souljaik |
Derived termsEdit
ItalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
soul m or f (invariable)
Old FrenchEdit
AdjectiveEdit
soul m (oblique and nominative feminine singular soule)
- Alternative form of sol
DeclensionEdit
PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
soul m inan
DeclensionEdit
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
soul m (uncountable)
- (music) soul music (a music genre combining gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz)
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
soul m (uncountable)