soul
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English soule, sowle, saule, sawle, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”). Cognate with Scots saul, soul (“soul”), North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Saterland Frisian Seele (“soul”), West Frisian siel (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) Scandinavian homonyms seem to have been borrowed from Old Saxon *siala. Modern Danish sjæl, Swedish själ, Norwegian sjel. Icelandic sál may have come from Old English sāwol.
Alternative formsEdit
- sowl (archaic)
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: sōl, IPA(key): /səʊl/
- (General American) enPR: sōl, IPA(key): /soʊl/
Audio (GA) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊl
- Homophones: Seoul, sole, sowl
NounEdit
soul (countable and uncountable, plural souls)
- (religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality. Often believed to live on after the person's death.
- 1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid
- "Among the daughters of the air," answered one of them. "A mermaid has not an immortal soul, nor can she obtain one unless she wins the love of a human being. On the power of another hangs her eternal destiny. But the daughters of the air, although they do not possess an immortal soul, can, by their good deeds, procure one for themselves.
- 1898, Winston Churchill, chapter 4, in The Celebrity:
- No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or […] . And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he was off with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness.
- 1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid
- The spirit or essence of anything.
- 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 22, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
- From another point of view, it was a place without a soul. The well-to-do had hearts of stone; the rich were brutally bumptious; the Press, the Municipality, all the public men, were ridiculously, vaingloriously self-satisfied.
- Life, energy, vigor.
- Young
- That he wants algebra he must confess; / But not a soul to give our arms success.
- Young
- (music) Soul music.
- A person, especially as one among many.
- D. H. Lawrence
- I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency.
- D. H. Lawrence
- An individual life.
- Fifty souls were lost when the ship sank.
- (mathematics) A kind of submanifold involved in the soul theorem of Riemannian geometry.
- For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:soul.
SynonymsEdit
- (spirit or essence of anything): crux, gist; See also Thesaurus:gist
- (a person): See also Thesaurus:person
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from soul (noun)
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
the spirit or essence of a person that is believed to live on after the person’s death
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life, energy, vigour
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soul music
person, especially as one among many
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked
VerbEdit
soul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)
- (obsolete, transitive) To endow with a soul; to furnish with a soul or mind.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)
- To beg on All Soul's Day.
- 1981, Geoffrey Scard, Squire and tenant: life in rural Cheshire, 1760-1900, page 93:
- All Souls' Day was celebrated by souling, a custom going back to pre-Reformation days: soul cakers and mummers toured the village begging for a soul cake — a plain, round, flat cake seasoned with spices.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from French souler (“to satiate”).
VerbEdit
soul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)
- (obsolete) To afford suitable sustenance.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Warner to this entry?)
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for soul in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
AnagramsEdit
CzechEdit
NounEdit
soul m
- soul (music style)
Further readingEdit
- soul in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
soul
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection of soul (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | soul | — | |
| genitive | soulin | — | |
| partitive | soulia | — | |
| illative | souliin | — | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | soul | — | |
| accusative | nom. | soul | — |
| gen. | soulin | ||
| genitive | soulin | — | |
| partitive | soulia | — | |
| inessive | soulissa | — | |
| elative | soulista | — | |
| illative | souliin | — | |
| adessive | soulilla | — | |
| ablative | soulilta | — | |
| allative | soulille | — | |
| essive | soulina | — | |
| translative | souliksi | — | |
| instructive | — | — | |
| abessive | soulitta | — | |
| comitative | — | — | |
AnagramsEdit
FrenchEdit
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin satullus, diminutive of satur.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
soul (feminine singular soule, masculine plural souls, feminine plural soules)
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
soul f (uncountable)
Further readingEdit
- “soul” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
soul (plural soulok)
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | soul | soulok |
| accusative | soult | soulokat |
| dative | soulnak | souloknak |
| instrumental | soullal | soulokkal |
| causal-final | soulért | soulokért |
| translative | soullá | soulokká |
| terminative | soulig | soulokig |
| essive-formal | soulként | soulokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | soulban | soulokban |
| superessive | soulon | soulokon |
| adessive | soulnál | souloknál |
| illative | soulba | soulokba |
| sublative | soulra | soulokra |
| allative | soulhoz | soulokhoz |
| elative | soulból | soulokból |
| delative | soulról | soulokról |
| ablative | soultól | souloktól |
| Possessive forms of soul | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | soulom | souljaim |
| 2nd person sing. | soulod | souljaid |
| 3rd person sing. | soulja | souljai |
| 1st person plural | soulunk | souljaink |
| 2nd person plural | soulotok | souljaitok |
| 3rd person plural | souljuk | souljaik |
Derived termsEdit
ItalianEdit
Old FrenchEdit
AdjectiveEdit
soul m (oblique and nominative feminine singular soule)
- Alternative form of sol
DeclensionEdit
Declension of soul
PolishEdit
PortugueseEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
soul m (uncountable)
- soul music (a music genre combining gospel music, rhythm and blues and often jazz)