γύαλον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

For the formation, one might compare ἀγκάλη (ankálē, “bent arm”) and ὀμφαλός (omphalós, “navel”). The word is generally connected with γυῖον (guîon, “hand”) and γύης (gúēs, “earth”), so it may derive either from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“hand”) or from Proto-Indo-European *gew(H)- (“to bend”) (which are either identical or have been conflated early in Indo-European).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡý.a.lon/ → /ˈʝy.a.lon/ → /ˈʝi.a.lon/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡý.a.lon/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡy.a.lon/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝy.a.lon/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈʝy.a.lon/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈʝi.a.lon/

Noun

γῠ́ᾰλον • (gúalon) n (genitive γῠᾰ́λου); second declension

1. hollow of the cuirass
2. hollow of a vessel
3. hollow of a rock, cave
4. (in the plural) vales, dells

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ γῠ́ᾰλον; τοῦ γῠᾰ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ γῠ́ᾰλον tò gúalon	τὼ γῠᾰ́λω tṑ guálō	τᾰ̀ γῠ́ᾰλᾰ tà gúala
Genitive	τοῦ γῠᾰ́λου toû guálou	τοῖν γῠᾰ́λοιν toîn guáloin	τῶν γῠᾰ́λων tôn guálōn
Dative	τῷ γῠᾰ́λῳ tôi guálōi	τοῖν γῠᾰ́λοιν toîn guáloin	τοῖς γῠᾰ́λοις toîs guálois
Accusative	τὸ γῠ́ᾰλον tò gúalon	τὼ γῠᾰ́λω tṑ guálō	τᾰ̀ γῠ́ᾰλᾰ tà gúala
Vocative	γῠ́ᾰλον gúalon	γῠᾰ́λω guálō	γῠ́ᾰλᾰ gúala
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• γυάλας (guálas)
• γυαλοθώραξ (gualothṓrax)
• γύαλος (gúalos)

 

Further reading

• “γύαλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γύαλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “γύαλον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• γύαλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γύαλον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)