λήθαργος
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editTraditionally derived from λήθη (lḗthē, “forgetting, forgetfulness”) + ᾱ̓ργός (ārgós, “not working the ground, idle, lazy”). Beekes prefers to compare the word to λαίθαργος (laíthargos, “guileful, treacherous”) and take both as Pre-Greek, though he does note that the traditional etymology seems to have influenced its meaning via folk etymology.[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /lɛ̌ː.tʰaːr.ɡos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈle̝.tʰar.ɡos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈli.θar.ɣos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈli.θar.ɣos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈli.θar.ɣos/
Adjective
editλήθᾱργος • (lḗthārgos) m or f (neuter λήθᾱργον); second declension
Inflection
editNumber | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | λήθᾱργος lḗthārgos |
λήθᾱργον lḗthārgon |
ληθᾱ́ργω lēthā́rgō |
ληθᾱ́ργω lēthā́rgō |
λήθᾱργοι lḗthārgoi |
λήθᾱργᾰ lḗthārga | ||||||||
Genitive | ληθᾱ́ργου lēthā́rgou |
ληθᾱ́ργου lēthā́rgou |
ληθᾱ́ργοιν lēthā́rgoin |
ληθᾱ́ργοιν lēthā́rgoin |
ληθᾱ́ργων lēthā́rgōn |
ληθᾱ́ργων lēthā́rgōn | ||||||||
Dative | ληθᾱ́ργῳ lēthā́rgōi |
ληθᾱ́ργῳ lēthā́rgōi |
ληθᾱ́ργοιν lēthā́rgoin |
ληθᾱ́ργοιν lēthā́rgoin |
ληθᾱ́ργοις lēthā́rgois |
ληθᾱ́ργοις lēthā́rgois | ||||||||
Accusative | λήθᾱργον lḗthārgon |
λήθᾱργον lḗthārgon |
ληθᾱ́ργω lēthā́rgō |
ληθᾱ́ργω lēthā́rgō |
ληθᾱ́ργους lēthā́rgous |
λήθᾱργᾰ lḗthārga | ||||||||
Vocative | λήθᾱργε lḗthārge |
λήθᾱργον lḗthārgon |
ληθᾱ́ργω lēthā́rgō |
ληθᾱ́ργω lēthā́rgō |
λήθᾱργοι lḗthārgoi |
λήθᾱργᾰ lḗthārga | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ληθᾱ́ργως lēthā́rgōs |
ληθᾱργότερος lēthārgóteros |
ληθᾱργότᾰτος lēthārgótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
editNoun
editλήθᾱργος • (lḗthārgos) m or f (genitive ληθᾱ́ργου); second declension
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ, ἡ λήθᾱργος ho, hē lḗthārgos |
τὼ ληθᾱ́ργω tṑ lēthā́rgō |
οἱ, αἱ λήθᾱργοι hoi, hai lḗthārgoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ, τῆς ληθᾱ́ργου toû, tês lēthā́rgou |
τοῖν ληθᾱ́ργοιν toîn lēthā́rgoin |
τῶν ληθᾱ́ργων tôn lēthā́rgōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ, τῇ ληθᾱ́ργῳ tôi, têi lēthā́rgōi |
τοῖν ληθᾱ́ργοιν toîn lēthā́rgoin |
τοῖς, ταῖς ληθᾱ́ργοις toîs, taîs lēthā́rgois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν, τὴν λήθᾱργον tòn, tḕn lḗthārgon |
τὼ ληθᾱ́ργω tṑ lēthā́rgō |
τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ληθᾱ́ργους toùs, tā̀s lēthā́rgous | ||||||||||
Vocative | λήθᾱργε lḗthārge |
ληθᾱ́ργω lēthā́rgō |
λήθᾱργοι lḗthārgoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Descendants
edit- → Latin: lēthārgus
References
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “λήθαργος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 855-6
Further reading
edit- “λήθαργος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “λήθαργος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- λήθαργος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leh₂- (concealed)
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-
- Ancient Greek compound terms
- Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek nouns with multiple genders
- grc:Medical signs and symptoms
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ος