συμπέρασμα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• σῠμπερᾰσμός (sumperasmós) — falsa lectio

Etymology

From σῠμπεραίνω (sumperaínō) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /sym.pé.raz.ma/ → /symˈpe.raz.ma/ → /simˈbe.raz.ma/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sym.pé.raz.ma/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /symˈpe.raz.ma/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /symˈpe.raz.ma/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /symˈpe.raz.ma/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /simˈbe.raz.ma/

Noun

σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ • (sumpérasma) n (genitive σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτος); third declension

1. finishing, end
   • 500 BCE – 350 BCE, Ocellus Lucanus, Collected Works 1.3
   • Hierocl., in CA 20.463.M.
   • 1115 – 1195, Eustathius of Thessalonica, Collected Works 73.27
   • 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Compendium of Mechanics 2.298:

     τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ

     toû eniautoû

   • 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Compendium of Mechanics 2.278:

     τῶν ἑορτῶν

     tôn heortôn

   • 331 CE – 363 CE, Julian, Ep. 183, (of a letter)
   1. (logic) conclusion in a syllogism
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 30a.4–5:^[1]

        Ἐν μὲν οὖν τοῖς ἄλλοις τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον δειχθήσεται διὰ τῆς ἀντιστροφῆς τὸ συμπέρασμα ἀναγκαῖον, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὑπάρχειν·

        En mèn oûn toîs állois tòn autòn trópon deikhthḗsetai dià tês antistrophês tò sumpérasma anankaîon, hṓsper epì toû hupárkhein;

        • 1962 translation by Hugh Tredennick

          Thus in all the other cases the conclusion will be shown to be necessary in the same way as in an assertoric syllogism, by means of conversion;

      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 42a.4–8:^[2]

        ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτως πλείους οἱ συλλογισμοί· πλείω γὰρ τὰ συμπεράσματά ἐστιν, οἷον τό τε Α καὶ τὸ Β καὶ τὸ Γ. εἰ δ’ οὖν μὴ πλείους ἀλλ’ εἷς, οὕτω μὲν ἐνδέχεται γενέσθαι διὰ πλειόνων τὸ αὐτὸ συμπέρασμα, ὡς δὲ τὸ Γ διὰ τῶν ΑΒ ἀδύνατον.

        allà kaì hoútōs pleíous hoi sullogismoí; pleíō gàr tà sumperásmatá estin, hoîon tó te A kaì tò B kaì tò G. ei d’ oûn mḕ pleíous all’ heîs, hoútō mèn endékhetai genésthai dià pleiónōn tò autò sumpérasma, hōs dè tò G dià tôn AB adúnaton.

        • 1962 translation by Hugh Tredennick

          but here again there will be several syllogisms, since there are several conclusions, viz., A, B and C. If it be granted that these are not several syllogisms but only one, then the same conclusion can be reached by more than three terms in this way; but it cannot be reached as C is by means of A and B.

      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 53a.17–19:^[3]

        ὅσα γὰρ ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ μέσον ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ συμπέρασμά ἐστιν, ἁπάντων ἔσται ὁ αὐτὸς συλλογισμός, ἐὰν τὰ μὲν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ τὰ δ’ ἐν τῷ συμπεράσματι τεθῇ·

        hósa gàr ḕ hupò tò méson ḕ hupò tò sumpérasmá estin, hapántōn éstai ho autòs sullogismós, eàn tà mèn en tôi mésōi tà d’ en tôi sumperásmati tethêi;

        • 1962 translation by Hugh Tredennick

          The same syllogism will hold good of all terms which are subordinate to the middle term or the conclusion, if these terms are placed respectively in the middle and in the conclusion.

      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 155b.23
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Stoic. 2.78
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Lysander 25
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, M. 969c
      • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.550
      • 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.633
      1. subject of the conclusion
         • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 53a.17–19:^[4]

           ὅσα γὰρ ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ μέσον ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ συμπέρασμά ἐστιν, ἁπάντων ἔσται ὁ αὐτὸς συλλογισμός, ἐὰν τὰ μὲν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ τὰ δ’ ἐν τῷ συμπεράσματι τεθῇ·

           hósa gàr ḕ hupò tò méson ḕ hupò tò sumpérasmá estin, hapántōn éstai ho autòs sullogismós, eàn tà mèn en tôi mésōi tà d’ en tôi sumperásmati tethêi;

           • 1962 translation by Hugh Tredennick

             The same syllogism will hold good of all terms which are subordinate to the middle term or the conclusion, if these terms are placed respectively in the middle and in the conclusion.

   2. (mathematics) conclusion of a proposition
      • 412 CE – 485 CE, Proclus, A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements 75.F.
      • 10 CE – 70 CE, Hero, Definitiones 136.13

Declension

Third declension of τὸ σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ; τοῦ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ tò sumpérasma	τὼ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτε tṑ sumperásmate	τᾰ̀ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ tà sumperásmata
Genitive	τοῦ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτος toû sumperásmatos	τοῖν σῠμπερᾰσμᾰ́τοιν toîn sumperasmátoin	τῶν σῠμπερᾰσμᾰ́των tôn sumperasmátōn
Dative	τῷ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτῐ tôi sumperásmati	τοῖν σῠμπερᾰσμᾰ́τοιν toîn sumperasmátoin	τοῖς σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰσῐ / σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰσῐν toîs sumperásmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ tò sumpérasma	τὼ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτε tṑ sumperásmate	τᾰ̀ σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ tà sumperásmata
Vocative	σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ sumpérasma	σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτε sumperásmate	σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτᾰ sumperásmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• σῠμπερᾰσμᾰτῐκός (sumperasmatikós)

Descendants

• Greek: συμπέρασμα (sympérasma)

Further reading

• “συμπέρασμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “συμπέρασμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• συμπέρασμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

Greek

Noun

συμπέρασμα • (sympérasma) n (plural συμπεράσματα)

1. deduction, conclusion (results of reasoning)
2. conclusion (final summary part of document)

Declension

declension of συμπέρασμα

case     \     number	singular	plural
nominative	συμπέρασμα •	συμπεράσματα •
genitive	συμπεράσματος •	συμπερασμάτων •
accusative	συμπέρασμα •	συμπεράσματα •
vocative	συμπέρασμα •	συμπεράσματα •

See also

• προϋπόθεση (proÿpóthesi)

Further reading

• συμπέρασμα - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.