آشنا

Khalaj

Adjective

آشنا (âşnâ)

1. Arabic spelling of âşnâ (“familiar”)

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ʾšnwʾk' /⁠āšnāg⁠/, “known”), ultimately from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Note also Old Persian [script needed] (ašnaiy, “near”). Possibly akin to Old Armenian Աշնակ (Ašnak, a male given name). Related to شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know, to be acquainted with”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːʃ.nɑː], [ʔɑː.ʃi.nɑː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːʃ.nɑː], [ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːʃ.nɑː], [ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːʃ.nɑː], [ʔɑː.ʃɪ.nɑː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔːʃ.nɔː], [ʔɔː.ʃi.nɔː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːʃ.nɒː], [ʔɒː.ʃe.nɒː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔʃ.nɔ]

Readings
Classical reading?	āšnā, āšinā
Dari reading?	āšnā, āšinā
Iranian reading?	âšnâ, âšenâ
Tajik reading?	ošno

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Adjective

Dari	آشنا
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ошно

آشنا • (âšnâ)

1. acquainted
2. familiar, accustomed

Derived terms

• آشنا شدن (âšnâ šodan, “to meet”)
• آشنا کردن (âšnâ kardan)

 

Noun

آشنا • (âšnâ or âšenâ) (plural آشنایان (âšnâyân) or آشناها (âšnâ-hâ))

1. acquaintance, friend
   • late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “زاهد خلوت‌نشین دوش به میخانه شد”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:

     مغبچه‌ای می‌گذشت راهزن دین و دل، در پی آن آشنا از همه بیگانه شد.

     moğ-bačče-ye mi-gozašt râhzan-e din o del, dar pey-e ân âšnâ az hame bigâne šod.

     A Magian child was passing by, [that] bandit of faith and hearts; to follow that friendly one, he stopped knowing anyone else.

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: aşna
• → Bashkir: әшнә (əşnə)
• → Gujarati: આશના (āśanā)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: आशना (āśnā)

  Urdu: آشْنا (āśnā)

• → Khalaj: âşnâ
• → Tatar: әшнә (äşnä)

References

• Herzenberg, L. G. (2014) “Studies in Persian Etymology II”, in Acta Linguistica Petropolitana‎^[1], volume 10, number 1, published by P. A. Kocharov and A. V. Shatskov, page 37 of 19–48
• Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 34(1), page 8
• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “āšnāg”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 13

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آشنا (āšnā).

Noun

آشنا • (āšnā) m or f (Hindi spelling आशना)

1. acquaintance

Ushojo

Adjective

اَشنا (ašnā)

1. familiar