استاد
Persian edit
Alternative forms edit
- استاذ (ostâz) (archaic)
- اوستاد (ôstâd)
- استا (ostâ), اوستا (ustâ), اوسا (ussâ) (informal)
- اوس (us) (slang)
Etymology edit
From earlier اوستاد (ustâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /awestād/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /avāstāyam/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua)) + *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa + *staHyáti, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔus.tɑːð]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔos.t̪ʰɒːd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔus.t̪ʰɔd̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ustāḏ |
Dari reading? | ustād |
Iranian reading? | ostâd |
Tajik reading? | ustod |
Adjective edit
اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین (ostâd-tarin))
Noun edit
Dari | استاد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | устод |
اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (plural استادان (ostâdân) or استادها (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید (asâtid))
- master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)
- (archaic) tutor
- a senior craftsman
- expert
- professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)
Derived terms edit
- استادی (ostâdi)
- استادانه (ostâdâne)
- استادکار (ostâdkâr), استاکار (ostâkâr)
- استادیار (ostâdyâr)
- استادتمام (ostâdtamâm)
Descendants edit
- → Arabic: أُسْتَاذ (ʔustāḏ)
- → Assamese: ওস্তাদ (üstad)
- → Azerbaijani: usta, ustad
- → Bashkir: оҫта (ośta), остаз (ostaz)
- → Bengali: ওস্তাদ (ōstad)
- → Chinese:
- → Dungan: вуста (vusta)
- → Georgian: ოსტატი (osṭaṭi)
- → Gujarati: ઉસ્તાદ (ustād)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: ұста (ūsta), ұстаз (ūstaz)
- → Mandaic: ࡀࡎࡕࡀࡃ (astad)
- → Ottoman Turkish: استا (usta), استاد (üstâd)
- → Punjabi: ਉਸਤਾਦ (usatād)
- → Uyghur: ئۇستا (usta), ئۇستات (ustat), ئۇستاز (ustaz)
- → Uzbek: usta, ustoz
References edit
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian استاد (ustād, “master”), from Middle Persian ʾwstʾt' (awestād, “master, craftsman”), from Old Persian.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʊs.t̪ɑːd̪/
Noun edit
استاد • (ustād) m (formal plural اساتذہ, Hindi spelling उस्ताद)
Descendants edit
- → English: ustad