جرجر
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
Reduplicated from the root ج ر ر (j-r-r), related to dragging; presumably borrowed from Aramaic, already in the Peshitta ܓܪܓܪܐ (gargərā), absolute state ܓܪܓܪ (gargar, “drag, sledge”), from the root ܓ-ܪ-ܪ (ɡ-r-r) related to dragging.
Noun edit
جَرْجَر • (jarjar) m (singular only, countable through آلَة (ʔāla))
- thresher, threshing sledge, an implement of wood in which there are revolving axles dragged along by beasts for crushing the corn
- 2013 November 17, “آلة "الجرجر".. حصادة الماضي البعيد [The threshing sledge – the mower of yore]”, in eSyria[1], archived from the original on 2018-04-21:
Declension edit
Declension of noun جَرْجَر (jarjar)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | جَرْجَر jarjar |
الْجَرْجَر al-jarjar |
جَرْجَر jarjar |
Nominative | جَرْجَرٌ jarjarun |
الْجَرْجَرُ al-jarjaru |
جَرْجَرُ jarjaru |
Accusative | جَرْجَرًا jarjaran |
الْجَرْجَرَ al-jarjara |
جَرْجَرَ jarjara |
Genitive | جَرْجَرٍ jarjarin |
الْجَرْجَرِ al-jarjari |
جَرْجَرِ jarjari |
Descendants edit
- → Armenian: ջառջառ (ǰaṙǰaṙ), ջարջառ (ǰarǰaṙ), ջյառջյառ (ǰyaṙǰyaṙ), ջարջար (ǰarǰar); ճառճառ (čaṙčaṙ)
- → Russian: джарджар (džardžar)
- → Azerbaijani: carcar
- → Russian: джарджар (džardžar)
- Kurdish: (perhaps)
- → Turkish: carcar, cercer, cancar
Verb edit
جَرْجَرَ • (jarjara) Iq, non-past يُجَرْجِرُ (yujarjiru)
- to drag along, to haul
- p. 700, a forger of Imruʾ al-Qays, سما لكَ شوقٌ بعدما كان أقصر [2] [3]:
- وَإِنِّي زَعِيمٌ (var. أَذِينٌ) إِنْ رَجِعْتُ مُمَلَّكٌ / بِسَيْرٍ تَرَى مِنْهُ الفُرَانِقَ أَزْوَرَا
عَلَى لَاحِبٍ لَا يَهْتَدِي بِمَنَارِهِ / إِذَا سَافَهُ الْعَوْدُ النُّبَاطِيُّ (var. دِيَافِيُّ) جَرْجَرَا
عَلَى كُلِّ مَقْصُوصِ الذُنَابَى مُعَاوِدٍ / بَرِيدَ السَرَى بِاللَيْلِ مِن خَيْلِ بَرْبَرَا- wa-ʔinnī zaʕīmun (var. ʔaḏīnun) ʔin rajiʕtu mumallakun / bi-sayrin tarā minhu l-furāniqa ʔazwarā
ʕalā lāḥibin lā yahtadī bi-manāri-hī / ʔiḏā sāfa-hū l-ʕawdu n-nubāṭiyyu (var. diyāfiyyu) jarjarā
ʕalā kulli maqṣūṣi ḏ-ḏunābā muʕāwidin / barīda s-sarā bi-l-layli min ḵayli barbarā - And when I am the leader, back in the kingly rights, I trip so fast that you but see asquint the courier
on an open road guided by no waymark, when it is smelled by the Nabataean camel dragging forward
on every clipped bird-tail returning nocturnal journey’s mail by night from a horse that whinnied.
- wa-ʔinnī zaʕīmun (var. ʔaḏīnun) ʔin rajiʕtu mumallakun / bi-sayrin tarā minhu l-furāniqa ʔazwarā
- 2016 May 11, “روحاني «يجرجر» واشنطن إلى المحاكم الدولية [Rowhâni “drags” Washington to international courts]”, in RT Arabic[4], archived from the original on 2016-05-12:
- 2019 January 30, “الرميد يجرجر سفيرا سابقا إلى المحكمة [Ar-Ramīd drags a former ambassador to court]”, in Al-Yawm 24[5], archived from the original on 2019-01-30:
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
جَرْجَرَ
(form-Iq sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
jarjara | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mujarjir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mujarjar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | jarjartu |
jarjarta |
جَرْجَرَ jarjara |
jarjartumā |
jarjarā |
jarjarnā |
jarjartum |
jarjarū | |||
f | jarjarti |
jarjarat |
jarjaratā |
jarjartunna |
jarjarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔujarjiru |
tujarjiru |
yujarjiru |
tujarjirāni |
yujarjirāni |
nujarjiru |
tujarjirūna |
yujarjirūna | |||
f | tujarjirīna |
tujarjiru |
tujarjirāni |
tujarjirna |
yujarjirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔujarjira |
tujarjira |
yujarjira |
tujarjirā |
yujarjirā |
nujarjira |
tujarjirū |
yujarjirū | |||
f | tujarjirī |
tujarjira |
tujarjirā |
tujarjirna |
yujarjirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔujarjir |
tujarjir |
yujarjir |
tujarjirā |
yujarjirā |
nujarjir |
tujarjirū |
yujarjirū | |||
f | tujarjirī |
tujarjir |
tujarjirā |
tujarjirna |
yujarjirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | جَرْجِرْ jarjir |
jarjirā |
jarjirū |
||||||||
f | jarjirī |
jarjirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | jurjirtu |
jurjirta |
جُرْجِرَ jurjira |
jurjirtumā |
jurjirā |
jurjirnā |
jurjirtum |
jurjirū | |||
f | jurjirti |
jurjirat |
jurjiratā |
jurjirtunna |
jurjirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔujarjaru |
tujarjaru |
yujarjaru |
tujarjarāni |
yujarjarāni |
nujarjaru |
tujarjarūna |
yujarjarūna | |||
f | tujarjarīna |
tujarjaru |
tujarjarāni |
tujarjarna |
yujarjarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔujarjara |
tujarjara |
yujarjara |
tujarjarā |
yujarjarā |
nujarjara |
tujarjarū |
yujarjarū | |||
f | tujarjarī |
tujarjara |
tujarjarā |
tujarjarna |
yujarjarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔujarjar |
tujarjar |
yujarjar |
tujarjarā |
yujarjarā |
nujarjar |
tujarjarū |
yujarjarū | |||
f | tujarjarī |
tujarjar |
tujarjarā |
tujarjarna |
yujarjarna |
Etymology 2 edit
Onomatopoeic in origin.
Verb edit
جَرْجَرَ • (jarjara) Iq, non-past يُجَرْجِرُ (yujarjiru)
- to gargle, to gurgle, to drink with such a sound, to quaff
- 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 37:1:=7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 74:60:
- الَّذِي يَشْرَبُ فِي آنِيَةِ الْفِضَّةِ إِنَّمَا يُجَرْجِرُ فِي بَطْنِهِ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ
- allaḏī yašrabu fī ʔāniyati l-fiḍḍati ʔinnamā yujarjiru fī baṭni-hī nāra jahannama
- He who drinks from silver vessels quaffs the fire of hell.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of
جَرْجَرَ
(form-Iq sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
jarjara | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
mujarjir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mujarjar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | jarjartu |
jarjarta |
جَرْجَرَ jarjara |
jarjartumā |
jarjarā |
jarjarnā |
jarjartum |
jarjarū | |||
f | jarjarti |
jarjarat |
jarjaratā |
jarjartunna |
jarjarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔujarjiru |
tujarjiru |
yujarjiru |
tujarjirāni |
yujarjirāni |
nujarjiru |
tujarjirūna |
yujarjirūna | |||
f | tujarjirīna |
tujarjiru |
tujarjirāni |
tujarjirna |
yujarjirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔujarjira |
tujarjira |
yujarjira |
tujarjirā |
yujarjirā |
nujarjira |
tujarjirū |
yujarjirū | |||
f | tujarjirī |
tujarjira |
tujarjirā |
tujarjirna |
yujarjirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔujarjir |
tujarjir |
yujarjir |
tujarjirā |
yujarjirā |
nujarjir |
tujarjirū |
yujarjirū | |||
f | tujarjirī |
tujarjir |
tujarjirā |
tujarjirna |
yujarjirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | جَرْجِرْ jarjir |
jarjirā |
jarjirū |
||||||||
f | jarjirī |
jarjirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | jurjirtu |
jurjirta |
جُرْجِرَ jurjira |
jurjirtumā |
jurjirā |
jurjirnā |
jurjirtum |
jurjirū | |||
f | jurjirti |
jurjirat |
jurjiratā |
jurjirtunna |
jurjirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔujarjaru |
tujarjaru |
yujarjaru |
tujarjarāni |
yujarjarāni |
nujarjaru |
tujarjarūna |
yujarjarūna | |||
f | tujarjarīna |
tujarjaru |
tujarjarāni |
tujarjarna |
yujarjarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔujarjara |
tujarjara |
yujarjara |
tujarjarā |
yujarjarā |
nujarjara |
tujarjarū |
yujarjarū | |||
f | tujarjarī |
tujarjara |
tujarjarā |
tujarjarna |
yujarjarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔujarjar |
tujarjar |
yujarjar |
tujarjarā |
yujarjarā |
nujarjar |
tujarjarū |
yujarjarū | |||
f | tujarjarī |
tujarjar |
tujarjarā |
tujarjarna |
yujarjarna |
Further reading edit
- Chyet, Michael L. (2003) “cencer”, in Kurdish–English Dictionary[6], with selected etymologies by Martin Schwartz, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, page 87b
- Morgenstierne, Georg (1923) “Iranian Notes”, in Acta Orientalia, volume 1, Leiden: E.J. Brill, page 265 of 245–284
- “grgr2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–