حالا
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
Adverbial accusative of حَال (ḥāl, “condition, state, situation”), from حَالَ (ḥāla, “to change”), from ح و ل (ḥ-w-l).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
حَالًا • (ḥālan)
Descendants edit
- → Persian: حالا
See also edit
- حَالًا بَالًا (ḥālan bālan)
Persian edit
Etymology edit
The pronunciation with final -ā is considered a spelling pronunciation by the Encyclopaedia Iranica.[1] This is, however, an unusual case as the tanwin ending is generally preserved and has even become productive in Persian. Alternatively, حالا (hâlâ) might represent an early borrowing with the Arabic pausal pronunciation.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [hɑː.lɑː]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [hɒː.lɒː]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [hɔ.lɔ]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | hālā |
Dari reading? | hālā |
Iranian reading? | hâlâ |
Tajik reading? | holo |
Audio (Iran) (file)
Adverb edit
حالا • (hâlâ)
Dari | حالا |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | ҳозир |
- now, presently
- Synonyms: (more literary) اکنون (aknun), الان (alân)
- حالا تو را میبینم. (more literary) ― hâlâ to-râ mi-binam. ― I see you now.
- حالا میبینمت. (more colloquial) ― hâlâ mi-binam-et. ― I see you now.
- 2018, “سفر از افغانستان به ایران برای سرقت آیفون”, in newspaper.hamshahrionline.ir[2], Hamshahri:
- آن دختر حالا کجاست؟ − انداختمش بیرون. نمیدانم کجا رفته.
- ân doxtar hâlâ kojâ-st? — andâxtam-eš birun. ne-mi-dânam kojâ rafte.
- Where is that girl now? — I threw her outside. I do not know where she has gone.
Usage notes edit
- Compared to فعلا (fe'lan), which has a stronger connotation of a duration of time including the present and stretching into the future, حالا (hâlâ) has a stronger connotation of a moment in the present.
- This colloquial equivalent in Dari is irregular and is pronounced as آلی (ālē) instead of آلا (ālā) in most regions.
Derived terms edit
- حالاها (hâlâ-hâ, “these days”)
Descendants edit
References edit
- ^ John R. Perry (2011) “ARABIC LANGUAGE v. Arabic Elements in Persian”, in Encyclopaedia Iranica[1]
Urdu edit
Adverb edit
حالا • (hālā) (Hindi spelling हाला)
- now, at this moment, at present