حال

See also: خال and چال

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ح و ل (ḥ w l)
30 terms

Verb

حَالَ • (ḥāla) I (non-past يَحُولُ (yaḥūlu), verbal noun حَوْل (ḥawl) or حُؤُول (ḥuʔūl))

to change, to be transformed
to turn, to transform [with إِلَى (ʔilā) or accusative ‘into something’]
to become [with إِلَى (ʔilā) ‘something’]
to dodge, to evade [with عَن (ʕan) ‘something, e.g. a commitment’]
to elapse, to pass, to go by

Conjugation

Conjugation of حَالَ (I, hollow, u ~ u, no passive, verbal nouns حَوْل, حُؤُول)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					حَوْل, حُؤُول ḥawl, ḥuʔūl
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					حَائِل ḥāʔil
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُلْتُ ḥultu	حُلْتَ ḥulta	حَالَ ḥāla	حُلْتُمَا ḥultumā	حَالَا ḥālā	حُلْنَا ḥulnā	حُلْتُمْ ḥultum	حَالُوا ḥālū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	حُلْتُ ḥultu	حُلْتِ ḥulti	حَالَتْ ḥālat	حُلْتُمَا ḥultumā	حَالَتَا ḥālatā	حُلْنَا ḥulnā	حُلْتُنَّ ḥultunna	حُلْنَ ḥulna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحُولُ ʔaḥūlu	تَحُولُ taḥūlu	يَحُولُ yaḥūlu	تَحُولَانِ taḥūlāni	يَحُولَانِ yaḥūlāni	نَحُولُ naḥūlu	تَحُولُونَ taḥūlūna	يَحُولُونَ yaḥūlūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَحُولُ ʔaḥūlu	تَحُولِينَ taḥūlīna	تَحُولُ taḥūlu	تَحُولَانِ taḥūlāni	تَحُولَانِ taḥūlāni	نَحُولُ naḥūlu	تَحُلْنَ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ yaḥulna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحُولَ ʔaḥūla	تَحُولَ taḥūla	يَحُولَ yaḥūla	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	يَحُولَا yaḥūlā	نَحُولَ naḥūla	تَحُولُوا taḥūlū	يَحُولُوا yaḥūlū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَحُولَ ʔaḥūla	تَحُولِي taḥūlī	تَحُولَ taḥūla	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	نَحُولَ naḥūla	تَحُلْنَ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ yaḥulna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحُلْ ʔaḥul	تَحُلْ taḥul	يَحُلْ yaḥul	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	يَحُولَا yaḥūlā	نَحُلْ naḥul	تَحُولُوا taḥūlū	يَحُولُوا yaḥūlū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَحُلْ ʔaḥul	تَحُولِي taḥūlī	تَحُلْ taḥul	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	نَحُلْ naḥul	تَحُلْنَ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ yaḥulna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حُلْ ḥul		حُولَا ḥūlā			حُولُوا ḥūlū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		حُولِي ḥūlī		حُولَا ḥūlā			حُلْنَ ḥulna

Verb

حَالَ • (ḥāla) I (non-past يَحُولُ (yaḥūlu), verbal noun حَوْل (ḥawl) or حَيْلُولَة (ḥaylūla) or حُؤُول (ḥuʔūl))

to intervene, to come [with بَيْنَ (bayna) ‘between two things’]
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 8:24:
  وَٱعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللّٰهَ يَحُولُ بَيْنَ المَرْءِ وَقَلْبِهِ
  wa-ʕlamū ʔanna llāha yaḥūlu bayna l-marʔi wa-qalbihi
  And know that God stands between a person and their heart […]
to prevent [with دُونَ (dūna) ‘something’]

Conjugation

Conjugation of حَالَ (I, hollow, u ~ u, impersonal passive, verbal nouns حَوْل, حَيْلُولَة, حُؤُول)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					حَوْل, حَيْلُولَة, حُؤُول ḥawl, ḥaylūla, ḥuʔūl
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					حَائِل ḥāʔil
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَحُول maḥūl
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	حُلْتُ ḥultu	حُلْتَ ḥulta	حَالَ ḥāla	حُلْتُمَا ḥultumā	حَالَا ḥālā	حُلْنَا ḥulnā	حُلْتُمْ ḥultum	حَالُوا ḥālū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	حُلْتُ ḥultu	حُلْتِ ḥulti	حَالَتْ ḥālat	حُلْتُمَا ḥultumā	حَالَتَا ḥālatā	حُلْنَا ḥulnā	حُلْتُنَّ ḥultunna	حُلْنَ ḥulna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَحُولُ ʔaḥūlu	تَحُولُ taḥūlu	يَحُولُ yaḥūlu	تَحُولَانِ taḥūlāni	يَحُولَانِ yaḥūlāni	نَحُولُ naḥūlu	تَحُولُونَ taḥūlūna	يَحُولُونَ yaḥūlūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَحُولُ ʔaḥūlu	تَحُولِينَ taḥūlīna	تَحُولُ taḥūlu	تَحُولَانِ taḥūlāni	تَحُولَانِ taḥūlāni	نَحُولُ naḥūlu	تَحُلْنَ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ yaḥulna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَحُولَ ʔaḥūla	تَحُولَ taḥūla	يَحُولَ yaḥūla	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	يَحُولَا yaḥūlā	نَحُولَ naḥūla	تَحُولُوا taḥūlū	يَحُولُوا yaḥūlū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَحُولَ ʔaḥūla	تَحُولِي taḥūlī	تَحُولَ taḥūla	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	نَحُولَ naḥūla	تَحُلْنَ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ yaḥulna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَحُلْ ʔaḥul	تَحُلْ taḥul	يَحُلْ yaḥul	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	يَحُولَا yaḥūlā	نَحُلْ naḥul	تَحُولُوا taḥūlū	يَحُولُوا yaḥūlū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَحُلْ ʔaḥul	تَحُولِي taḥūlī	تَحُلْ taḥul	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	تَحُولَا taḥūlā	نَحُلْ naḥul	تَحُلْنَ taḥulna	يَحُلْنَ yaḥulna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		حُلْ ḥul		حُولَا ḥūlā			حُولُوا ḥūlū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		حُولِي ḥūlī		حُولَا ḥūlā			حُلْنَ ḥulna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	حِيلَ ḥīla	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُحَالُ yuḥālu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُحَالَ yuḥāla	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُحَلْ yuḥal	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Noun

حَال • (ḥāl) m or f (plural أَحْوَال (ʔaḥwāl))

condition, state, situation, position, status, circumstance, matter, concern, being
current circumstances, present, actuality
(grammar) present
Coordinate terms: مَاضٍ (māḍin), مُسْتَقْبَل (mustaqbal)
(grammar) a circumstantial expression, adverbial

Declension

Declension of noun حَال (ḥāl)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَال ḥāl	الْحَال al-ḥāl	حَال ḥāl
Nominative	حَالٌ ḥālun	الْحَالُ al-ḥālu	حَالُ ḥālu
Accusative	حَالًا ḥālan	الْحَالَ al-ḥāla	حَالَ ḥāla
Genitive	حَالٍ ḥālin	الْحَالِ al-ḥāli	حَالِ ḥāli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	حَالَيْن ḥālayn	الْحَالَيْن al-ḥālayn	حَالَيْ ḥālay
Nominative	حَالَانِ ḥālāni	الْحَالَانِ al-ḥālāni	حَالَا ḥālā
Accusative	حَالَيْنِ ḥālayni	الْحَالَيْنِ al-ḥālayni	حَالَيْ ḥālay
Genitive	حَالَيْنِ ḥālayni	الْحَالَيْنِ al-ḥālayni	حَالَيْ ḥālay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَحْوَال ʔaḥwāl	الْأَحْوَال al-ʔaḥwāl	أَحْوَال ʔaḥwāl
Nominative	أَحْوَالٌ ʔaḥwālun	الْأَحْوَالُ al-ʔaḥwālu	أَحْوَالُ ʔaḥwālu
Accusative	أَحْوَالًا ʔaḥwālan	الْأَحْوَالَ al-ʔaḥwāla	أَحْوَالَ ʔaḥwāla
Genitive	أَحْوَالٍ ʔaḥwālin	الْأَحْوَالِ al-ʔaḥwāli	أَحْوَالِ ʔaḥwāli

Derived terms

دَوَامُ الْحَالِ مِنَ الْمُحَالِ (dawāmu l-ḥāli mina l-muḥāli)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: hal
→ Middle Armenian: հալ (hal)
- Armenian: հալ (hal)
→ Bengali: হাল (hal)
→ Malay: hal
- Indonesian: hal
→ Ottoman Turkish: حال (hâl)
- Turkish: hâl
- → Albanian: hall
- → Bulgarian: хал (hal)
- → Greek: χάλι (cháli)
- → Romanian: hal
- → Serbo-Croatian: hȃl／ха̑л
→ Persian: حال (hâl)
- → Hindi: हाल (hāl)
- → Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)
- → Urdu: حال (hāl)
→ Swahili: hali

Etymology 2

Adverbial accusative of حَال (ḥāl, “circumstance”).

Preposition

حَالَ • (ḥāla)

during, right after, immediately upon

Inflection

Inflected forms
Base form					حَالَ (ḥāla)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	حَالِي (ḥālī)		حَالَنَا (ḥālanā)
Second person	حَالَكَ (ḥālaka)	حَالَكِ (ḥālaki)	حَالَكُمَا (ḥālakumā)	حَالَكُمْ (ḥālakum)	حَالَكُنَّ (ḥālakunna)
Third person	حَالَهُ (ḥālahu)	حَالَهَا (ḥālahā)	حَالَهُمَا (ḥālahumā)	حَالَهُمْ (ḥālahum)	حَالَهُنَّ (ḥālahunna)

Etymology 3

Root
ح ل ي (ḥ l y)
3 terms

Adjective

حَالٍ • (ḥālin) (feminine حَالِيَة (ḥāliya), masculine plural حَوَالٍ (ḥawālin), feminine plural حَالِيَات (ḥāliyāt))

active participle of حَلَى (ḥalā)
wearing an ornament or jewellery
having an ornament or jewellery

Declension

Declension of adjective حَالٍ (ḥālin)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	singular triptote in ـٍ (-in)		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَالِي ḥālī	الْحَالِي al-ḥālī	حَالِيَة ḥāliya	الْحَالِيَة al-ḥāliya
Nominative	حَالٍ ḥālin	الْحَالِي al-ḥālī	حَالِيَةٌ ḥāliyatun	الْحَالِيَةُ al-ḥāliyatu
Accusative	حَالِيًا ḥāliyan	الْحَالِيَ al-ḥāliya	حَالِيَةً ḥāliyatan	الْحَالِيَةَ al-ḥāliyata
Genitive	حَالٍ ḥālin	الْحَالِي al-ḥālī	حَالِيَةٍ ḥāliyatin	الْحَالِيَةِ al-ḥāliyati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَالِيَيْن ḥāliyayn	الْحَالِيَيْن al-ḥāliyayn	حَالِيَتَيْن ḥāliyatayn	الْحَالِيَتَيْن al-ḥāliyatayn
Nominative	حَالِيَانِ ḥāliyāni	الْحَالِيَانِ al-ḥāliyāni	حَالِيَتَانِ ḥāliyatāni	الْحَالِيَتَانِ al-ḥāliyatāni
Accusative	حَالِيَيْنِ ḥāliyayni	الْحَالِيَيْنِ al-ḥāliyayni	حَالِيَتَيْنِ ḥāliyatayni	الْحَالِيَتَيْنِ al-ḥāliyatayni
Genitive	حَالِيَيْنِ ḥāliyayni	الْحَالِيَيْنِ al-ḥāliyayni	حَالِيَتَيْنِ ḥāliyatayni	الْحَالِيَتَيْنِ al-ḥāliyatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	حَوَالِي ḥawālī	الْحَوَالِي al-ḥawālī	حَالِيَات ḥāliyāt	الْحَالِيَات al-ḥāliyāt
Nominative	حَوَالٍ ḥawālin	الْحَوَالِي al-ḥawālī	حَالِيَاتٌ ḥāliyātun	الْحَالِيَاتُ al-ḥāliyātu
Accusative	حَوَالِيَ ḥawāliya	الْحَوَالِيَ al-ḥawāliya	حَالِيَاتٍ ḥāliyātin	الْحَالِيَاتِ al-ḥāliyāti
Genitive	حَوَالٍ ḥawālin	الْحَوَالِي al-ḥawālī	حَالِيَاتٍ ḥāliyātin	الْحَالِيَاتِ al-ḥāliyāti

References

Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “حال”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 338
Freytag, Georg (1830) “حال”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 444–445
Lane, Edward William (1863) “حال”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[3], London: Williams & Norgate, page 673
Wehr, Hans (1979) “حال”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, pages 251–252
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حال”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[4], London: W.H. Allen, page 304

North Levantine Arabic

Alternative forms

حاله (ḥāli) (noun only)

Etymology

From Arabic حال (ḥāl).

Noun

حال • (ḥāl) m (plural احوال (aḥwāl))

condition; state
case; circumstance

Pronoun

حال • (ḥāl-)

(with personal suffix) -self; -selves (reflexive pronoun)
ما بفهم ناس ما هما الا حالا
Ma bifham nās ma hamma illa ḥāla.
I don't understand people who care only about themselves.

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).

Noun

حال • (hâl) (plural احوال (ahvâl))

situation, state, condition
Synonym: وضعیت (vażʿiyyet)
attitude, behaviour
Synonym: طاورانیش (davranış)
manner, method, mode
present (this current moment)
(grammar) present tense
(grammar) noun in the adverbial accusative (in Arabic)
power, strength
Synonyms: طاقت (takat), گوچ (güç), قوت (kuvvet)
pain, grief, sorrow, distress
Synonyms: درد (derd), كدر (keder), صیقندی (sıkındı)
quality, property, attribute
extasy, trance, in which Sufi mystics go
Synonym: وجد (vecd)
ardent sexual love, passion

Descendants

Turkish: hâl
→ Albanian: hall
→ Bulgarian: хал (hal)
→ Greek: χάλι (cháli)
→ Romanian: hal
→ Serbo-Croatian: hȃl／ха̑л

Adverb

حال • (hâl)

now
Synonym: شمدی (şimdi)

References

Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “hâl”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1845f.
Kélékian, Diran (1911) “حال”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[5], Constantinople: Mihran, page 493f.
Redhouse, James W. (1890) “حال”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 756f.

Persian

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [hɑːl]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [hɑːl]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːl]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔːl̥]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [hɒːl̥]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [hɔl]

Readings
Classical reading^?	hāl
Dari reading^?	hāl
Iranian reading^?	hâl
Tajik reading^?	hol

Audio (Iran): (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic حَال (ḥāl, “state, condition”).

Noun

حال • (hâl) (plural حالات (hâlât) or احوال (ahvâl))

condition; state
― hâl-et xub-e? ― How are you? (literally, “Is your state good?”)
1. condition of health; (on its own) good health
  esterâhat hâl-e u râ behtar na-karde.
  Rest has not improved his health.
2. mood, state of mind
  man hâl-e ğazâ xordan na-dâram.
  I'm not in the mood to eat something.
3. (Sufism) mystical state
Short for (zamân-e hâl, “(grammar) the present tense”).
(in idiomatic expressions) senses, consciousness

Derived terms

از حال رفتن (az hâl raftan, “to faint”)
به حال آمدن (be hâl âmadan, “to come to one's senses”)
ترجمه حال (tarjome-ye hâl, “biography”)
حال آنکه (hâl-e ân-ke, “whereas”)
در حال (dar hâl, “immediately”)

Related terms

حالت (hâlat)

Descendants

→ Hindi: हाल (hāl)
→ Punjabi: ਹਾਲ (hāl)
→ Urdu: حال (hāl)

Etymology 2

Adverb

حال • (hâl)

Alternative form of (hâlâ, “now”).

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ح و ل
7 terms

Etymology

From Arabic حَال (ḥāl).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ħaːl/, [ħæːl]
Audio (Ramallah): (file)

Noun

حال • (ḥāl) m (plural أحوال (ʔaḥwāl))

state, condition
case, instance

Pronoun

حال • (ḥāl-)

(with personal suffix) -self, -selves (reflexive pronoun)
Synonym: نفس (nafs-)

Inflection

Inflected forms of حال
Base form				حال (ḥāl)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	singular		plural
Personal-pronoun- including forms	m	f	plural
1^st person	حالي (ḥāli)		حالنا (ḥālna)
2^nd person	حالك (ḥālak)	حالك (ḥālek)	حالكم (ḥālkom)
3^rd person	حاله (ḥālo)	حالها (ḥālha)	حالهم (ḥālhom)

Derived terms

لحال (la-ḥāl-, “by oneself”)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (hāl), from Arabic حَال (ḥāl).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɦɑːl/
Audio (Pakistan): (file)
Rhymes: -ɑːl
Homophone: ہال (hāl)

Noun

حال • (hāl) m (formal plural حالات (hālāt), Hindi spelling हाल)

Declension

Declension of حال
	singular	plural
direct	حال (hāl)	حال (hāl)
oblique	حال (hāl)	حالوں (hālō̃)
vocative	حال (hāl)	حالو (hālō)

References

“حال”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
“حال”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.