صفد
Arabic
editEtymology
editIn view of the restricted meanings, exposing only denominal verbs, probably an Aramaic borrowing, with the original form seen in Classical Syriac ܨܦܕܐ (ṣep̄dā, “book binding; pitcher of wine”), evidently only two fragments of a more general meaning, suggested by Jewish Palestinian Aramaic צפד (ṣfd, “to weave”). The other Arabic form صِفَاد (ṣifād) is secondary, a pattern popular for fasteners and instruments of a certain kind, see شِكَال (šikāl), or even back-formed in dialects from the plural as with زِنَاد (zinād) instead of زَنْد (zand). Probably to be traced to a biliteral root, found in ܨܦܘܦܐ (ṣappūp̄ā, “fetters, clogs”), Arabic ضَفَّ (ḍaffa, “to push, to throng, to jam”), extended in Arabic ضَفَرَ (ḍafara, “to weave, to plait”), while صَفَّ (ṣaffa, “to line”) may be an Aramaic borrowing again. Arabic كِبْل (kibl) and قَيْد (qayd) are also Aramaisms.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editصَفَدَ • (ṣafada) I (non-past يَصْفِدُ (yaṣfidu), verbal noun صَفْد (ṣafd) or صُفُود (ṣufūd))
Conjugation
editverbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
صَفْد, صُفُود ṣafd, ṣufūd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
صَافِد ṣāfid | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَصْفُود maṣfūd | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | صَفَدْتُ ṣafadtu |
صَفَدْتَ ṣafadta |
صَفَدَ ṣafada |
صَفَدْتُمَا ṣafadtumā |
صَفَدَا ṣafadā |
صَفَدْنَا ṣafadnā |
صَفَدْتُمْ ṣafadtum |
صَفَدُوا ṣafadū | |||
f | صَفَدْتِ ṣafadti |
صَفَدَتْ ṣafadat |
صَفَدَتَا ṣafadatā |
صَفَدْتُنَّ ṣafadtunna |
صَفَدْنَ ṣafadna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَصْفِدُ ʔaṣfidu |
تَصْفِدُ taṣfidu |
يَصْفِدُ yaṣfidu |
تَصْفِدَانِ taṣfidāni |
يَصْفِدَانِ yaṣfidāni |
نَصْفِدُ naṣfidu |
تَصْفِدُونَ taṣfidūna |
يَصْفِدُونَ yaṣfidūna | |||
f | تَصْفِدِينَ taṣfidīna |
تَصْفِدُ taṣfidu |
تَصْفِدَانِ taṣfidāni |
تَصْفِدْنَ taṣfidna |
يَصْفِدْنَ yaṣfidna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَصْفِدَ ʔaṣfida |
تَصْفِدَ taṣfida |
يَصْفِدَ yaṣfida |
تَصْفِدَا taṣfidā |
يَصْفِدَا yaṣfidā |
نَصْفِدَ naṣfida |
تَصْفِدُوا taṣfidū |
يَصْفِدُوا yaṣfidū | |||
f | تَصْفِدِي taṣfidī |
تَصْفِدَ taṣfida |
تَصْفِدَا taṣfidā |
تَصْفِدْنَ taṣfidna |
يَصْفِدْنَ yaṣfidna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَصْفِدْ ʔaṣfid |
تَصْفِدْ taṣfid |
يَصْفِدْ yaṣfid |
تَصْفِدَا taṣfidā |
يَصْفِدَا yaṣfidā |
نَصْفِدْ naṣfid |
تَصْفِدُوا taṣfidū |
يَصْفِدُوا yaṣfidū | |||
f | تَصْفِدِي taṣfidī |
تَصْفِدْ taṣfid |
تَصْفِدَا taṣfidā |
تَصْفِدْنَ taṣfidna |
يَصْفِدْنَ yaṣfidna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِصْفِدْ iṣfid |
اِصْفِدَا iṣfidā |
اِصْفِدُوا iṣfidū |
||||||||
f | اِصْفِدِي iṣfidī |
اِصْفِدْنَ iṣfidna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | صُفِدْتُ ṣufidtu |
صُفِدْتَ ṣufidta |
صُفِدَ ṣufida |
صُفِدْتُمَا ṣufidtumā |
صُفِدَا ṣufidā |
صُفِدْنَا ṣufidnā |
صُفِدْتُمْ ṣufidtum |
صُفِدُوا ṣufidū | |||
f | صُفِدْتِ ṣufidti |
صُفِدَتْ ṣufidat |
صُفِدَتَا ṣufidatā |
صُفِدْتُنَّ ṣufidtunna |
صُفِدْنَ ṣufidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُصْفَدُ ʔuṣfadu |
تُصْفَدُ tuṣfadu |
يُصْفَدُ yuṣfadu |
تُصْفَدَانِ tuṣfadāni |
يُصْفَدَانِ yuṣfadāni |
نُصْفَدُ nuṣfadu |
تُصْفَدُونَ tuṣfadūna |
يُصْفَدُونَ yuṣfadūna | |||
f | تُصْفَدِينَ tuṣfadīna |
تُصْفَدُ tuṣfadu |
تُصْفَدَانِ tuṣfadāni |
تُصْفَدْنَ tuṣfadna |
يُصْفَدْنَ yuṣfadna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُصْفَدَ ʔuṣfada |
تُصْفَدَ tuṣfada |
يُصْفَدَ yuṣfada |
تُصْفَدَا tuṣfadā |
يُصْفَدَا yuṣfadā |
نُصْفَدَ nuṣfada |
تُصْفَدُوا tuṣfadū |
يُصْفَدُوا yuṣfadū | |||
f | تُصْفَدِي tuṣfadī |
تُصْفَدَ tuṣfada |
تُصْفَدَا tuṣfadā |
تُصْفَدْنَ tuṣfadna |
يُصْفَدْنَ yuṣfadna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُصْفَدْ ʔuṣfad |
تُصْفَدْ tuṣfad |
يُصْفَدْ yuṣfad |
تُصْفَدَا tuṣfadā |
يُصْفَدَا yuṣfadā |
نُصْفَدْ nuṣfad |
تُصْفَدُوا tuṣfadū |
يُصْفَدُوا yuṣfadū | |||
f | تُصْفَدِي tuṣfadī |
تُصْفَدْ tuṣfad |
تُصْفَدَا tuṣfadā |
تُصْفَدْنَ tuṣfadna |
يُصْفَدْنَ yuṣfadna |
Verb
editصَفَّدَ • (ṣaffada) II (non-past يُصَفِّدُ (yuṣaffidu), verbal noun تَصْفِيد (taṣfīd))
Conjugation
editverbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَصْفِيد taṣfīd | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُصَفِّد muṣaffid | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُصَفَّد muṣaffad | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | صَفَّدْتُ ṣaffadtu |
صَفَّدْتَ ṣaffadta |
صَفَّدَ ṣaffada |
صَفَّدْتُمَا ṣaffadtumā |
صَفَّدَا ṣaffadā |
صَفَّدْنَا ṣaffadnā |
صَفَّدْتُمْ ṣaffadtum |
صَفَّدُوا ṣaffadū | |||
f | صَفَّدْتِ ṣaffadti |
صَفَّدَتْ ṣaffadat |
صَفَّدَتَا ṣaffadatā |
صَفَّدْتُنَّ ṣaffadtunna |
صَفَّدْنَ ṣaffadna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُصَفِّدُ ʔuṣaffidu |
تُصَفِّدُ tuṣaffidu |
يُصَفِّدُ yuṣaffidu |
تُصَفِّدَانِ tuṣaffidāni |
يُصَفِّدَانِ yuṣaffidāni |
نُصَفِّدُ nuṣaffidu |
تُصَفِّدُونَ tuṣaffidūna |
يُصَفِّدُونَ yuṣaffidūna | |||
f | تُصَفِّدِينَ tuṣaffidīna |
تُصَفِّدُ tuṣaffidu |
تُصَفِّدَانِ tuṣaffidāni |
تُصَفِّدْنَ tuṣaffidna |
يُصَفِّدْنَ yuṣaffidna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُصَفِّدَ ʔuṣaffida |
تُصَفِّدَ tuṣaffida |
يُصَفِّدَ yuṣaffida |
تُصَفِّدَا tuṣaffidā |
يُصَفِّدَا yuṣaffidā |
نُصَفِّدَ nuṣaffida |
تُصَفِّدُوا tuṣaffidū |
يُصَفِّدُوا yuṣaffidū | |||
f | تُصَفِّدِي tuṣaffidī |
تُصَفِّدَ tuṣaffida |
تُصَفِّدَا tuṣaffidā |
تُصَفِّدْنَ tuṣaffidna |
يُصَفِّدْنَ yuṣaffidna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُصَفِّدْ ʔuṣaffid |
تُصَفِّدْ tuṣaffid |
يُصَفِّدْ yuṣaffid |
تُصَفِّدَا tuṣaffidā |
يُصَفِّدَا yuṣaffidā |
نُصَفِّدْ nuṣaffid |
تُصَفِّدُوا tuṣaffidū |
يُصَفِّدُوا yuṣaffidū | |||
f | تُصَفِّدِي tuṣaffidī |
تُصَفِّدْ tuṣaffid |
تُصَفِّدَا tuṣaffidā |
تُصَفِّدْنَ tuṣaffidna |
يُصَفِّدْنَ yuṣaffidna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | صَفِّدْ ṣaffid |
صَفِّدَا ṣaffidā |
صَفِّدُوا ṣaffidū |
||||||||
f | صَفِّدِي ṣaffidī |
صَفِّدْنَ ṣaffidna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | صُفِّدْتُ ṣuffidtu |
صُفِّدْتَ ṣuffidta |
صُفِّدَ ṣuffida |
صُفِّدْتُمَا ṣuffidtumā |
صُفِّدَا ṣuffidā |
صُفِّدْنَا ṣuffidnā |
صُفِّدْتُمْ ṣuffidtum |
صُفِّدُوا ṣuffidū | |||
f | صُفِّدْتِ ṣuffidti |
صُفِّدَتْ ṣuffidat |
صُفِّدَتَا ṣuffidatā |
صُفِّدْتُنَّ ṣuffidtunna |
صُفِّدْنَ ṣuffidna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُصَفَّدُ ʔuṣaffadu |
تُصَفَّدُ tuṣaffadu |
يُصَفَّدُ yuṣaffadu |
تُصَفَّدَانِ tuṣaffadāni |
يُصَفَّدَانِ yuṣaffadāni |
نُصَفَّدُ nuṣaffadu |
تُصَفَّدُونَ tuṣaffadūna |
يُصَفَّدُونَ yuṣaffadūna | |||
f | تُصَفَّدِينَ tuṣaffadīna |
تُصَفَّدُ tuṣaffadu |
تُصَفَّدَانِ tuṣaffadāni |
تُصَفَّدْنَ tuṣaffadna |
يُصَفَّدْنَ yuṣaffadna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُصَفَّدَ ʔuṣaffada |
تُصَفَّدَ tuṣaffada |
يُصَفَّدَ yuṣaffada |
تُصَفَّدَا tuṣaffadā |
يُصَفَّدَا yuṣaffadā |
نُصَفَّدَ nuṣaffada |
تُصَفَّدُوا tuṣaffadū |
يُصَفَّدُوا yuṣaffadū | |||
f | تُصَفَّدِي tuṣaffadī |
تُصَفَّدَ tuṣaffada |
تُصَفَّدَا tuṣaffadā |
تُصَفَّدْنَ tuṣaffadna |
يُصَفَّدْنَ yuṣaffadna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُصَفَّدْ ʔuṣaffad |
تُصَفَّدْ tuṣaffad |
يُصَفَّدْ yuṣaffad |
تُصَفَّدَا tuṣaffadā |
يُصَفَّدَا yuṣaffadā |
نُصَفَّدْ nuṣaffad |
تُصَفَّدُوا tuṣaffadū |
يُصَفَّدُوا yuṣaffadū | |||
f | تُصَفَّدِي tuṣaffadī |
تُصَفَّدْ tuṣaffad |
تُصَفَّدَا tuṣaffadā |
تُصَفَّدْنَ tuṣaffadna |
يُصَفَّدْنَ yuṣaffadna |
Noun
editصَفَد • (ṣafad) m (plural أَصْفَاد (ʔaṣfād))
Declension
editSingular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | صَفَد ṣafad |
الصَّفَد aṣ-ṣafad |
صَفَد ṣafad |
Nominative | صَفَدٌ ṣafadun |
الصَّفَدُ aṣ-ṣafadu |
صَفَدُ ṣafadu |
Accusative | صَفَدًا ṣafadan |
الصَّفَدَ aṣ-ṣafada |
صَفَدَ ṣafada |
Genitive | صَفَدٍ ṣafadin |
الصَّفَدِ aṣ-ṣafadi |
صَفَدِ ṣafadi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | صَفَدَيْن ṣafadayn |
الصَّفَدَيْن aṣ-ṣafadayn |
صَفَدَيْ ṣafaday |
Nominative | صَفَدَانِ ṣafadāni |
الصَّفَدَانِ aṣ-ṣafadāni |
صَفَدَا ṣafadā |
Accusative | صَفَدَيْنِ ṣafadayni |
الصَّفَدَيْنِ aṣ-ṣafadayni |
صَفَدَيْ ṣafaday |
Genitive | صَفَدَيْنِ ṣafadayni |
الصَّفَدَيْنِ aṣ-ṣafadayni |
صَفَدَيْ ṣafaday |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَصْفَاد ʔaṣfād |
الْأَصْفَاد al-ʔaṣfād |
أَصْفَاد ʔaṣfād |
Nominative | أَصْفَادٌ ʔaṣfādun |
الْأَصْفَادُ al-ʔaṣfādu |
أَصْفَادُ ʔaṣfādu |
Accusative | أَصْفَادًا ʔaṣfādan |
الْأَصْفَادَ al-ʔaṣfāda |
أَصْفَادَ ʔaṣfāda |
Genitive | أَصْفَادٍ ʔaṣfādin |
الْأَصْفَادِ al-ʔaṣfādi |
أَصْفَادِ ʔaṣfādi |
Proper noun
editصَفَد • (ṣafad) f
References
edit- “ṣpdˀ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ṣpwp”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ṣpd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ṣpp2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Brockelmann, Carl (1928) Lexicon Syriacum (in Latin), 2nd edition, Halle: Max Niemeyer, published 1995, page 634
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “صفد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 503a
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “صفد”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1345b
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “صفد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[3], London: Williams & Norgate
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “صفد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 604
- Баранов, Х. К. (2011) “صفد”, in Большой арабско-русский словарь (Bolʹšoj arabsko-russkij slovarʹ), 11th edition, Москва: Живой язык, →ISBN
South Levantine Arabic
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Etymology
editPronunciation
editProper noun
editصفد • (ṣafad) f
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
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- Arabic nouns
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- ar:Cities in Israel
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- ar:Fasteners
- Visual dictionary
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
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- ajp:Cities in Israel
- ajp:Places in Israel