English

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The flag of the State of Israel
 
A location map of the State of Israel, with disputed territories shown in light green

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, Israel).[1][2] In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in Genesis 32:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl),[3] has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God",[4] or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (Sarah)).[5]

Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.

iiz
Z1s Z1s
r
iAr
Z1 T14
A1 B1
Z2

Doublet of Yisroel.

Pronunciation

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  • enPR: ĭzʹrā-əl, ĭzʹrē-əl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əl/, /ˈɪz.ɹi.əl/
    (US) enPR: ĭzʹrāl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪl/
    (formal and posh RP) enPR: ĭzʹrā-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.ɛl/
    (in singing also) enPR: ĭzʹrī-ĕl; IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹaɪ.ɛl/
    (certain Carolina accents) IPA(key): /ˈɪz.ɹɛəl/
  • Audio (US):(file)

Proper noun

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Israel (countable and uncountable, plural Israels)

  1. A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Official name: State of Israel.
    • 2023 October 18, “We’re anti-Zionist Jews and we see genocide unfolding in Gaza”, in The Guardian[2], →ISSN:
      Representative Nancy Pelosi, our California congresswoman, has affirmed that the United States stands “unwaveringly” by Israel as it conducts its defense []
  2. (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.
  3. (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel.
  4. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah.
  5. (historical, Judaism, liturgical, otherwise now proscribed or offensive) The Jews as a people, taken collectively.
    • 2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema[3]:
      Hear O’ Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One
    • 2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema[4]:
      For our ancestors, for us, for our children, for every generation of the people Israel, for all ages from the first to the last, His teachings are true, everlasting.
  6. A male given name from Hebrew.
    1. Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.
  7. A surname.
  8. A barangay of Imelda, Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines
    Synonym: Balian Israelold name
    Coordinate terms: Balugo, Balungisan, Baluyan, Cana-an, Dumpoc, Gandiangan, Guintolan, Israel, La Victoria, Little Baguio, Lower Baluran, Lumbog, Lumpanac, Mali Little Baguio, Poblacion, Pulawan, San Jose, Santa Barbara, Upper Baluranbarangays of Imelda
    • 2015 June, “The Municipality of Imelda receives checks for the completion of their water system project”, in DILG IX[5]:
      These are intended for the completion of the Construction of Level II Water System Project for barangays Mt. View, Little Baguio and Israel under the BuB-Water and Construction of Brgy. Bulongisan-Canaan Level II Water Supply under the SALINTUBIG Program.

Usage notes

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  • (region): The use of Israel to refer to the region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea in a non-historical sense is (since the latter half of the 20th century) politically charged; indeed, this is true of all terms for this region.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

Translations

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Israel”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. ^ Israel”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  3. ^ Michael G. Hasel, Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant (Brill, 1998)
  4. ^ James P. Boyd, Bible dictionary (Ottenheimer Publishers, 1958)
  5. ^ Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis: Chapters 18–50 (NICOT, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995)

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Afrikaans Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia af

Etymology

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Inherited from Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
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Asturian

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Asturian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ast

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /israˈel/ [iz.raˈel]

Proper noun

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Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
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Catalan

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Catalan Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ca

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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Israel m

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
  2. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel
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Central Huasteca Nahuatl

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Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Central Nahuatl

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Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Danish

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Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Finnish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fi

Etymology

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From Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈisrɑel/, [ˈis̠rɑ̝e̞l]
  • Rhymes: -isrɑel
  • Hyphenation(key): Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

Declension

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Inflection of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative Israel
genitive Israelin
partitive Israelia
illative Israeliin
singular plural
nominative Israel
accusative nom. Israel
gen. Israelin
genitive Israelin
partitive Israelia
inessive Israelissa
elative Israelista
illative Israeliin
adessive Israelilla
ablative Israelilta
allative Israelille
essive Israelina
translative Israeliksi
abessive Israelitta
instructive
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelini
accusative nom. Israelini
gen. Israelini
genitive Israelini
partitive Israeliani
inessive Israelissani
elative Israelistani
illative Israeliini
adessive Israelillani
ablative Israeliltani
allative Israelilleni
essive Israelinani
translative Israelikseni
abessive Israelittani
instructive
comitative
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelisi
accusative nom. Israelisi
gen. Israelisi
genitive Israelisi
partitive Israeliasi
inessive Israelissasi
elative Israelistasi
illative Israeliisi
adessive Israelillasi
ablative Israeliltasi
allative Israelillesi
essive Israelinasi
translative Israeliksesi
abessive Israelittasi
instructive
comitative
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelimme
accusative nom. Israelimme
gen. Israelimme
genitive Israelimme
partitive Israeliamme
inessive Israelissamme
elative Israelistamme
illative Israeliimme
adessive Israelillamme
ablative Israeliltamme
allative Israelillemme
essive Israelinamme
translative Israeliksemme
abessive Israelittamme
instructive
comitative
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelinne
accusative nom. Israelinne
gen. Israelinne
genitive Israelinne
partitive Israelianne
inessive Israelissanne
elative Israelistanne
illative Israeliinne
adessive Israelillanne
ablative Israeliltanne
allative Israelillenne
essive Israelinanne
translative Israeliksenne
abessive Israelittanne
instructive
comitative
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative Israelinsa
accusative nom. Israelinsa
gen. Israelinsa
genitive Israelinsa
partitive Israeliaan
Israeliansa
inessive Israelissaan
Israelissansa
elative Israelistaan
Israelistansa
illative Israeliinsa
adessive Israelillaan
Israelillansa
ablative Israeliltaan
Israeliltansa
allative Israelilleen
Israelillensa
essive Israelinaan
Israelinansa
translative Israelikseen
Israeliksensa
abessive Israelittaan
Israelittansa
instructive
comitative

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Latin Israel, Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈiːsʁaeːl]
  • IPA(key): [ˈɪsʁaeːl] (less common)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el

Proper noun

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Israel

  1. (biblical) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
    • 1912, Lutherbibel 1912, 1.Mose 32, 29 (Luther Bible 1912, Genesis 32:29):
      Er sprach: Du sollst nicht mehr Jakob heißen, sondern Israel; denn du hast mit Gott und mit Menschen gekämpft und bist obgelegen.
      And he said: Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel; for thou hast power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

Proper noun

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Israel n (proper noun, genitive Israels or (optionally with an article) Israel)

  1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean; official name: Staat Israel)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Israel” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • Israel” in Duden online

Hunsrik

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Etymology

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    Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese Israel.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /israˈeːl/
    • Rhymes: -eːl
    • Syllabification: Is‧ra‧el

    Proper noun

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    Israel n

    1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
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    See also

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    References

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    • Piter Kehoma Boll (2021) “Israel”, in Dicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português (in Portuguese), 3rd edition, Ivoti: Riograndenser Hunsrickisch, page 83, column 2

    Iban

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from English Israel.

    Pronunciation

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    Proper noun

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    Israel

    1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

    Adjective

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    Israel

    1. Israeli

    Indonesian

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    Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia id

    Etymology

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    From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): [ɪsˈrael]
    • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧él

    Proper noun

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    Israel

    1. Israel:
      1. A country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean
      2. (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people
      3. (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel
      4. (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah
      5. The Jews, taken collectively.
        Synonym: Yahudi

    Further reading

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    Interlingua

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    Pronunciation

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    Proper noun

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    Israel

    1. (all senses) Israel

    Latin

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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      Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.[1]

      Pronunciation

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      Proper noun

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      Isrāēl m sg (genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, variously declined, third declension

      1. (Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
        • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.32.28:
          At ille: Nequaquam, inquit, Iacob appellabitur nomen tuum, sed Israhel: quoniam si contra Deum fortis fuisti quanto magis contra homines praevalebis.
      2. (New Latin) Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

      Declension

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      Indeclinable noun or third-declension noun, singular only.

      singular
      nominative Isrāēl
      genitive Isrāēl
      Isrāēlis
      dative Isrāēl
      Isrāēlī
      accusative Isrāēl
      Isrāēlem
      ablative Isrāēl
      Isrāēle
      vocative Isrāēl

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      References

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      1. ^ Souter, Alexander (1949) “Istrahēl”, in A Glossary of Later Latin to 600 A.D.[1], 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1957, page 222

      Norwegian Bokmål

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      Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia no

      Proper noun

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      Israel

      1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

      Derived terms

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      Norwegian Nynorsk

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      Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia nn

      Proper noun

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      Israel

      1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

      Derived terms

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      Old Galician-Portuguese

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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        Learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin Israel, borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

        Proper noun

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        Israel m

        1. (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
        2. (biblical) Israel (another name for Jacob)

        Descendants

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        • Galician: Israel
        • Portuguese: Israel (see there for further descendants)

        References

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        • Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (20062018) “[ijys?r+ael]”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

        Plautdietsch

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        Noun

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        Israel n

        1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

        Portuguese

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        Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia pt

        Etymology

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          Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese Israel, borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin Israel, borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

          Pronunciation

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          • (Portugal) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁɐˈɛl/ [iʒ.ʁɐˈɛɫ]
            • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /iʒ.ʁɐˈɛ.li/

          • Rhymes: -ɛw, -ɛl
          • Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el

          Proper noun

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          Israel m (plural Israéis)

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean; official name: Estado de Israel)
          2. (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
          3. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel

          Usage notes

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          Israel is never indicated by an article; see usage notes for Portugal.

          Coordinate terms

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          Derived terms

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          Descendants

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          Romanian

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          Romanian Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia ro

          Etymology

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          Borrowed from Hebrew ישראל.

          Pronunciation

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          Proper noun

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          Israel n

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

          Declension

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          Declension of Israel
          singular only indefinite definite
          nominative-accusative Israel Israelul
          genitive-dative Israel Israelului
          vocative Israelule

          Spanish

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          Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia es

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /israˈel/ [iz.raˈel]
          • Audio (Spain):(file)
          • Rhymes: -el
          • Syllabification: Is‧ra‧el

          Proper noun

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          Israel m

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
          2. Jacob
            • 1602, Casiodoro de Reina, La Santa Biblia, rev., Genesis 32:28
              Y él dijo: No se dirá más tu nombre Jacob, sino Israel: porque has peleado con Dios y con los hombres, y has vencido.
              And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
              (KJV)
          3. a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Israel

          Derived terms

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          Anagrams

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          Swedish

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          Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia sv

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /²iːsˌrɛːl/
          • Audio:(file)
          • Hyphenation: Is‧rael

          Proper noun

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          Israel n (genitive Israels)

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
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          References

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          Tagalog

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          Etymology

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          Borrowed from Spanish Israel (Israel), from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, Israel).

          Pronunciation

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          Proper noun

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          Israél (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇᜁᜎ᜔)

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
          2. (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
          3. a male given name, equivalent to English Israel

          Coordinate terms

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          Further reading

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          • Israel”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

          Welsh

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          Welsh Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia cy

          Etymology

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          Latin Israel, from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl).

          Pronunciation

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          Proper noun

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          Israel f

          1. Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

          Coordinate terms

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          Derived terms

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          Mutation

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          Mutated forms of Israel
          radical soft nasal h-prothesis
          Israel unchanged unchanged Hisrael

          Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
          All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.