Israel
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).[1][2] In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in Genesis 32:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl),[3] has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God",[4] or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).[5]
Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israel (plural Israels)
- A modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Official name: State of Israel.
- (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.
- (historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel.
- (historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah.
- The Jews, taken collectively.
- A male given name from Hebrew,
- Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 32:28:
- And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
- Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.
- A surname.
Usage notes edit
- (region): The use of Israel to refer to the region between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea has been, since the latter half of the 20th century, sometimes seen as politically or emotionally charged; indeed, this is true of all terms for this region.
Synonyms edit
- (State of Israel): the State of Israel (official name), Israhell (derogatory), Jewsrael (derogatory), Zionistan (derogatory), Isn'treal (derogatory), Zionist entity (derogatory)
- (Land of Israel): the Land of Israel, Palestine, the Holy Land, Canaan
- (the Jews): the Children of Israel, the Israelites, Jewry, Zion
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Translations edit
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See also edit
- Appendix:Countries of the world
- (countries of Asia) country of Asia; Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cyprus, East Timor, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen
- Irving (surname used to anglicize Israel)
- Zion, Judea
References edit
- ^ “Israel”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- ^ “Israel”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- ^ Michael G. Hasel, Domination and Resistance: Egyptian Military Activity in the Southern Levant (Brill, 1998)
- ^ James P. Boyd, Bible dictionary (Ottenheimer Publishers, 1958)
- ^ Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis: Chapters 18–50 (NICOT, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995)
Further reading edit
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.
Proper noun edit
Israel
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Related terms edit
Asturian edit
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israel m
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Related terms edit
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israel m
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
- a male given name, equivalent to English Israel
Related terms edit
Central Huasteca Nahuatl edit
Proper noun edit
Israel
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Central Nahuatl edit
Proper noun edit
Israel
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Danish edit
Proper noun edit
Israel
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
From Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él).
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israel
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Declension edit
Inflection of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||
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nominative | Israel | — | ||
genitive | Israelin | — | ||
partitive | Israelia | — | ||
illative | Israeliin | — | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | Israel | — | ||
accusative | nom. | Israel | — | |
gen. | Israelin | |||
genitive | Israelin | — | ||
partitive | Israelia | — | ||
inessive | Israelissa | — | ||
elative | Israelista | — | ||
illative | Israeliin | — | ||
adessive | Israelilla | — | ||
ablative | Israelilta | — | ||
allative | Israelille | — | ||
essive | Israelina | — | ||
translative | Israeliksi | — | ||
abessive | Israelitta | — | ||
instructive | — | — | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of Israel (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms edit
Anagrams edit
German edit
Alternative forms edit
- Israël (obsolete)
Etymology edit
Latin Israel, Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl)
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): [ˈiːsʁaeːl]
- IPA(key): [ˈɪsʁaeːl] (less common)
Audio (file) Audio (file) - Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el
Proper noun edit
Israel
- (biblical) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
- 1912, Lutherbibel 1912, 1.Mose 32, 29 (Luther Bible 1912, Genesis 32:29):
- Er sprach: Du sollst nicht mehr Jakob heißen, sondern Israel; denn du hast mit Gott und mit Menschen gekämpft und bist obgelegen.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1912, Lutherbibel 1912, 1.Mose 32, 29 (Luther Bible 1912, Genesis 32:29):
Proper noun edit
Israel n (proper noun, genitive Israels or (optionally with an article) Israel)
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean; official name: Staat Israel)
Derived terms edit
- israelisch
- Israeli
- israelisieren
- israelfeindlich
- israelfreundlich
- israelkritisch
- antiisraelisch
- proisraelisch
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
Iban edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israel
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Adjective edit
Israel
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch Israël, from Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל. Doublet of Israil.
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israel
- Israel:
- A modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean
- (biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people
- (biblical, biblical, historical) An ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel
- (biblical, , biblical, , historical, biblical, historical) An ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah
- The Jews, taken collectively.
- Synonym: Yahudi
Further reading edit
- “Israel” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua edit
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israel
- (all senses) Israel
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl). The spelling Istrāhēl, from Ἰστρᾱήλ (Istrāḗl), was predominant until the dissemination of Jerome’s Vulgate (5th century CE), which popularized Isrāhēl. The h was gradually lost thereafter.[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /isˈraː.eːl/, [ɪs̠ˈräːeːɫ̪]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /isˈra.el/, [isˈräːel]
Proper noun edit
Isrāēl m sg (variously declined, genitive Isrāēl or Isrāēlis); indeclinable, third declension
- (Late Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) Israel, another name of the patriarch Jacob
- (New Latin) Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Declension edit
Indeclinable noun or third-declension noun, singular only.
Case | Singular |
---|---|
Nominative | Isrāēl |
Genitive | Isrāēl Isrāēlis |
Dative | Isrāēl Isrāēlī |
Accusative | Isrāēl Isrāēlem |
Ablative | Isrāēl Isrāēle |
Vocative | Isrāēl |
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “Israel”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ Souter, Alexander (1949), “Istrahēl”, in A Glossary of Later Latin to 600 A.D., 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, published 1957, page 222
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Proper noun edit
Israel
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Proper noun edit
Israel
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Plautdietsch edit
Noun edit
Israel n
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Portuguese edit
Etymology edit
Learned borrowing from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”). Displaced Old Galician-Portuguese Irrael.
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: Is‧ra‧el
Proper noun edit
Israel m
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
- (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
- a male given name, equivalent to English Israel
Usage notes edit
Israel is never indicated by an article; see usage notes for Portugal.
Derived terms edit
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israel n
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Declension edit
singular | ||
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n gender | indefinite articulation | definite articulation |
nominative/accusative | (un) Israel | Israelul |
genitive/dative | (unui) Israel | Israelului |
vocative | Israelule |
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israel m
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
- Jacob
- 1602, Casiodoro de Reina, La Santa Biblia, rev., Genesis 32:28
- Y él dijo: No se dirá más tu nombre Jacob, sino Israel: porque has peleado con Dios y con los hombres, y has vencido.
- And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.
- 1602, Casiodoro de Reina, La Santa Biblia, rev., Genesis 32:28
- a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Israel
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Anagrams edit
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Proper noun edit
Israel n (genitive Israels)
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Related terms edit
References edit
Tagalog edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish Israel (“Israel”), from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”).
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Israél (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜐ᜔ᜇᜁᜎ᜔)
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
- (biblical) (biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)
- a male given name, equivalent to English Israel
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “Israel”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
Latin Israel, from Koine Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yiśrāʾēl).
Pronunciation edit
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɪsraɨ̯l/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɪzrai̯l/
Proper noun edit
Israel f
- Israel (a modern country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)
Coordinate terms edit
- (countries of Asia) gwledydd Asia; Affganistan, Armenia, Aserbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhwtan, Brwnei, Cambodia, Casachstan, Catar, Coweit, Cirgistan, Cyprus, De Korea, Dwyrain Timor, yr Emiradau Arabaidd Unedig, Fietnam, Georgia, Iemen, India, Indonesia, Irac, Iran, Israel, Japan, Gwlad Tai, Gwlad yr Iorddonen, Laos, Libanus, Maleisia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Gogledd Korea, Oman, Pacistan, Palesteina, y Philipinau, Rwsia, Sawdi Arabia, Singapôr, Sri Lanca, Syria, Taiwan, Tajicistan, Tsieina, Twrci, Tyrkmenistan, Wsbecistan
Derived terms edit
- Gwladwriaeth Israel (“State of Israel”)
- Israelaidd (“Israeli (adjective)”)
- Israeliad (“Israelite; Israeli (noun)”)
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
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radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
Israel | unchanged | unchanged | Hisrael |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |