فرمودن
Persian
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (plmwtn', plmʾd- /framūdan, framāy-/, “to order, command”), from Old Persian [Term?] (/framа̄-/), from Proto-Iranian *fra- + *maH- (“to measure”), the latter from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [faɾ.muː.ðan]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [fæɹ.muː.d̪æn]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [fäɾ.mu.d̪än]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | farmūḏan |
Dari reading? | farmūdan |
Iranian reading? | farmudan |
Tajik reading? | farmudan |
Verb
editفرمودن • (farmudan) (present stem فرما (farmâ))
- to order, to command
- Synonym: دستور دادن (dastur dâdan)
- c. 1260, Saʿdī, “Rubaʿī 73”, in دیوان سعدی [The Divān of Saʿdī][1]:
- گر تیر جفای دشمنان میآید
دل تنگ مکن که دوست میفرماید
بر یار ذلیل هر ملامت کاید
چون یار عزیز میپسندد شاید- gar tīr-i jafā-yi dušmanān mē-āyad
dil tang ma-kun ki dōst mē-farmāyad
bar yār-i zalīl har malāmat k-āyad
čōn yār-i azīz mē-pasandad šāyad - If the arrow of the enemies' cruelty comes [to you],
Grieve not your heart, for the Friend commands [it]!
Every disgrace that comes to the wretched lover
Is endurable, should the dear beloved desire it.
- gar tīr-i jafā-yi dušmanān mē-āyad
- (deferential, formal) to say; used as a substitute for گفتن (goftan, “to say”) to show respect.
- چی فرمودید؟ ― či farmudid? ― What did you say?
- (deferential, formal) In compound verbs, occasionally used as a substitute for کردن (kardan, “to do”) to show respect.
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- ⇒ Gujarati: ફરમાવવું (pharmāvvũ)
- ⇒ Bengali: ফরমানো (fôrmano)
- ⇒ Hindustani:
- ⇒ Marathi: फर्मावणे (pharmāvṇe)
- ⇒ Punjabi:
Further reading
edit- Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*maH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 255
- Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 821, page 182
Categories:
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio links
- Persian lemmas
- Persian verbs
- Persian terms with quotations
- Persian formal terms
- Persian terms with usage examples