مشارة
Arabic edit
Alternative forms edit
- مَشَر (mašar)
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Aramaic מְשָׁרָא (məšārā), ܡܫܳܪܬܴܐ (məšārtā), from Akkadian 𒊬 (/mušaru/, “garden bed; a measure of one square ninda, i. e. 6×6 metres”), itself a loan from Sumerian 𒊬𒊬 (/musar/, “garden or field bed”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
مَشَارَة • (mašāra) f (plural مَشَارَات (mašārāt) or مَشَاوِر (mašāwir) or مَشائِر (mašāʔir)) (obsolete)
- a garden bed, a horticultural or agricultural plot, field parcel, what is cut off from adjacent parts of land to sow and plant
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802IA, Cap. 20, Art. 1, pages 59–60:
- والوجه الآخر إن يقطع له الأرض أمشارا أمشارا ويدخل فيها الماء ويقام فيها مقدار شبرة ثم ينثر الحب عليه نثرا وإذا شربت الأرض ذلك الماء غطي الرز برقيق التراب ينثر علبه بالأيادي حتى إذا مضت ساعات وتندى التراب الذي غطي به فليقام الماء في تلك المشارات فياما دائما متّصلا
- And the other way [of transplanting rice] is when the earth is cut into divisions and water is introduced into it to stand a handspan high, then the seeds are strewn onto it, and when the earth is soaked by this water the rice is covered with sprinkled soil strewn onto it by the hands until some hours have passed and the soil which has been strewn on it is damp too, and the water shall stand in these beds continuously and without intermission.
Declension edit
Declension of noun مَشَارَة (mašāra)
| Singular | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | مَشَارَة mašāra |
الْمَشَارَة al-mašāra |
مَشَارَة mašārat |
| Nominative | مَشَارَةٌ mašāratun |
الْمَشَارَةُ al-mašāratu |
مَشَارَةُ mašāratu |
| Accusative | مَشَارَةً mašāratan |
الْمَشَارَةَ al-mašārata |
مَشَارَةَ mašārata |
| Genitive | مَشَارَةٍ mašāratin |
الْمَشَارَةِ al-mašārati |
مَشَارَةِ mašārati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | مَشَارَتَيْن mašāratayn |
الْمَشَارَتَيْن al-mašāratayn |
مَشَارَتَيْ mašāratay |
| Nominative | مَشَارَتَانِ mašāratāni |
الْمَشَارَتَانِ al-mašāratāni |
مَشَارَتَا mašāratā |
| Accusative | مَشَارَتَيْنِ mašāratayni |
الْمَشَارَتَيْنِ al-mašāratayni |
مَشَارَتَيْ mašāratay |
| Genitive | مَشَارَتَيْنِ mašāratayni |
الْمَشَارَتَيْنِ al-mašāratayni |
مَشَارَتَيْ mašāratay |
| Plural | sound feminine plural; basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | مَشَارَات; مَشَاوِر; مَشائِر mašārāt; mašāwir; mašāʔir |
الْمَشَارَات; الْمَشَاوِر; الْمَشائِر al-mašārāt; al-mašāwir; al-mašāʔir |
مَشَارَات; مَشَاوِر; مَشائِر mašārāt; mašāwir; mašāʔir |
| Nominative | مَشَارَاتٌ; مَشَاوِرُ; مَشائِرُ mašārātun; mašāwiru; mašāʔiru |
الْمَشَارَاتُ; الْمَشَاوِرُ; الْمَشائِرُ al-mašārātu; al-mašāwiru; al-mašāʔiru |
مَشَارَاتُ; مَشَاوِرُ; مَشائِرُ mašārātu; mašāwiru; mašāʔiru |
| Accusative | مَشَارَاتٍ; مَشَاوِرَ; مَشائِرَ mašārātin; mašāwira; mašāʔira |
الْمَشَارَاتِ; الْمَشَاوِرَ; الْمَشائِرَ al-mašārāti; al-mašāwira; al-mašāʔira |
مَشَارَاتِ; مَشَاوِرَ; مَشائِرَ mašārāti; mašāwira; mašāʔira |
| Genitive | مَشَارَاتٍ; مَشَاوِرَ; مَشائِرَ mašārātin; mašāwira; mašāʔira |
الْمَشَارَاتِ; الْمَشَاوِرِ; الْمَشائِرِ al-mašārāti; al-mašāwiri; al-mašāʔiri |
مَشَارَاتِ; مَشَاوِرِ; مَشائِرِ mašārāti; mašāwiri; mašāʔiri |
Descendants edit
- → Middle Armenian: մաշարայ (mašaray)
References edit
- “mšr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “مشارة”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes[1] (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 594
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 129
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1905) “Zu lignā, ləgettā (vergl. ZDPV XXVIII S. 32)”, in Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins[2] (in German), volume 28, number 4, pages 221–222, to Dalman, Gustaf (1905) “Studien aus dem Deutschen evang. archäolog. Institut zu Jerusalem. 4. Pflügelänge, Saatstreifen und Erntestreifen in Bibel und Mischna”, in Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins[3] (in German), volume 28, number 1, page 32
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “مشارة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[4] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 464
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “مشارة”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[5] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1286
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “مشارة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[6], London: Williams & Norgate, page 1617
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik[7] (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 160
- Sokoloff, Michael (2002) A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic periods, Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University, page 717a
- Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 40