garden

EnglishEdit

A Japanese garden.

English Wikipedia has an article on:

garden

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English gardyn, garden, from Anglo-Norman gardin, from Frankish *gardō (“fenced-in yard, garden”), from Proto-Germanic *gardô, *gardaz, whence also inherited English yard.

The final -in derives either from the Frankish inflected form *gardin or is a Romance diminutive of *gard (compare Old French jart alongside jardin, Medieval Latin gardinus).

Cognates

Cognate with West Frisian gard, Low German Goorn, Dutch gaard, gaarde, German Garten, French jardin, Spanish jardín, Italian giardino, Sicilian jardinu.

PronunciationEdit

(Received Pronunciation) enPR: gärʹdən, IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑːdn̩/
Audio (RP) (file)
(General American) enPR: gärʹdən, IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑɹdən/, /-n̩/
Audio (US) (file)
Audio (AU) (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)dən
Hyphenation: gar‧den

NounEdit

garden (plural gardens)

An outdoor area containing one or more types of plants, usually plants grown for food or ornamental purposes.
a vegetable garden a flower garden
- 1629, John Parkinson, “The Situation of a Garden of Pleasure, with the Nature of Soyles, and How to Amend the Defects that are in Many Sorts of Situations and Grounds”, in Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris. […], London: […] Hvmfrey Lownes and Robert Yovng […], OCLC 1203323330, page 1:
  […] I ſuppoſe the North ſide of the water to be the beſt ſide for your garden, that it may haue the comfort of the South Sunne to lye vpon it and face it, and the dwelling houſe to bee aboue it, to defend the cold windes and froſts both from your herbes, and flowers, and early fruits.
1. (in the plural) Such an ornamental place to which the public have access.
  You can spend the afternoon walking around the town gardens.
2. (attributive) Taking place in, or used in, such a garden.
  a garden party; a garden path; a garden spade
  - 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 5, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:
    The garden parties of pre-1914 were something to be remembered. Everyone was dressed up to the nines, high-heeled shoes, muslin frocks with blue sashes, large leghorn hats with drooping roses. There were lovely ices […] with every kind of cream cake, of sandwich, of éclair, and peaches, muscat grapes, and nectarines.
(Britain, Ireland, Appalachia) The grounds at the front or back of a house.
This house has a swimming pool, a tent, a swing set and a fountain in the garden. We were drinking lemonade and playing croquet in the garden. Our garden is overgrown with weeds.
(cartomancy) The twentieth Lenormand card.
(figuratively) A cluster; a bunch.
- 1965: Charles McDowell, Campaign Fever: The National Folk Festival, from New Hampshire to November, 1964, page 11 (Morrow)
  Behind the tangled garden of microphones that had sprouted on the lectern, Goldwater spoke softly and casually about his family.
(slang) Pubic hair or the genitalia it masks.
- 1995, Lee Tyler, Biblical Sexual Morality and What About Pornography? viewed at etext.org on 9 May 2006
  Blow on my garden [speaking of her genitalia], so the spices of it may flow out. Let my Beloved come into His garden [her pubic area] and eat His pleasant fruits.
- N.B. From a commentary on Song of Solomon 4:16, which was written in Hebrew c. 950 BC; book footnotes are shown here within brackets. Many scholars disagree with this Biblical interpretation, which is included as evidence of the word's usage in 1995 rather than its intended meaning in 950 BC.
- c. 2004, Hair Care Down There, Inc, The History of Hair Removal viewed at haircaredownthere.com on 9 May 2006 -
  Primping and pruning the secret garden might seem like a totally 21st century concept, but the fact is women have gotten into below-the-belt grooming since before the Bronze Age.

SynonymsEdit

(decorative place outside):
(gardens with public access): park, public gardens
(grounds at the front or back of a house): yard (US, Canada, Australia)
(the pubic hair): See pubic hair

HyponymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Sranan Tongo: dyari
→ Nafaanra: yaadi

TranslationsEdit

piece of land outside with flowers and plants

Afrikaans: tuin (af)
Albanian: kopsht (sq) m
Alviri-Vidari: باغ‎ (bāğ)
Amharic: አጸድ (ʾäṣäd)
Arabic: بُسْتَان‎ (ar) (bustān), حَدِيقَة‎ (ar) f (ḥadīqa), جَنَّة‎ (ar) f (janna)
Egyptian Arabic: جنينة‎ f (ginēna)

Hijazi Arabic: حَدِيقَة‎ f (ḥadīga), بَخْشَة‎ m (baḵša) (archaic)

Moroccan Arabic: جردة‎ (jarda), جنينة‎ (jnīna)
Aramaic:
Hebrew: גַּנְּתָא‎ f (gannəṯā), גִּנְּתָא‎ f (ginnəṯā), גַּנָּא‎ m (gannā), גִּנָּא‎ m (ginnā)

Syriac: ܓܢܬܐ‎ f (gannəṯā, ginnəṯā)
Archi: багъ
Armenian: այգի (hy) (aygi), պարտեզ (hy) (partez)
Assamese: বাৰী (bari), বাগান (bagan)
Asturian: xardín (ast)
Avar: ах (aχ)
Azerbaijani: bağ (az), bağça
Balinese: kebon
Baluchi: باگ‎ (bág)
Bashkir: баҡса (baqsa)
Basque: lorategi
Bavarian: Goatn, Gartn
Belarusian: сад m (sad)
Bengali: উদ্দ্যান (uddjan), বাগ (bag)
Bulgarian: гради́на (bg) f (gradína)
Burmese: ဥယျာဉ် (my) (u.yyany), ပန်းခြံ (my) (pan:hkram)
Catalan: jardí (ca) m
Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ (turtit)
Chechen: баьш (bäš), бе́ш (béš)
Chichewa: munda
Chinese:
Cantonese: 花園, 花园 (faa¹ jyun^4-2)

Dungan: хуайүан (huayüan)

Mandarin: 花園 (zh), 花园 (zh) (huāyuán)

Min Dong: 花園, 花园 (huă-huòng)

Min Nan: 花園 (zh-min-nan), 花园 (hoe-hn̂g / hoa-hûiⁿ)

Wu: 花園, 花园 (ho hhyoe)
Classical Nahuatl: xōchichināncalli
Corsican: ghjardinu m
Czech: zahrada (cs) f
Danish: have (da) c
Dargwa: анхъ (anq)
Dutch: tuin (nl) m ,gaard (nl) m
Egyptian:

(ḥzp)
Esperanto: ĝardeno (eo)
Estonian: aed (et)
Faroese: urtagarður m
Finnish: puutarha (fi)
French: jardin (fr) m
Friulian: zardin
Galician: xardín (gl) m
Georgian: ბაღი (baɣi)
German: Garten (de) m
Alemannic German: Garte m
Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 m (aurtigards)
Greek: περιβόλι (el) n (perivóli)
Ancient: κῆπος m (kêpos)
Greenlandic: naatsiivik
Gujarati: બગીચો (gu) m (bagīco), બાગ m (bāg)
Hebrew: גַּן‎ (he) m (gan), בוסתן \ בֻּסְתָּן‎ (he) m (bustán)
Hiligaynon: hardin
Hindi: बाग़ीचा m (bāġīcā), बाग़ m (bāġ), उद्यान (hi) m (udyān)
Hungarian: kert (hu), virágoskert (hu)
Icelandic: garður (is) m
Ido: gardeno (io)
Indonesian: taman (id), kebun (id)
Irish: gairdín (ga), garraí m
Italian: giardino (it) m
Japanese: 庭園 (ja) (ていえん, teien), 庭 (ja) (にわ, niwa), 花園 (ja) (hanazono)
Javanese: kebon (jv), taman (jv)
Kabuverdianu: jardin
Kannada: ತೋಟ (kn) (tōṭa)
Kashubian: ògard, ògród m
Kazakh: бақ (baq), бау (bau)
Khmer: សួន (km) (suən)
Kikuyu: mũgũnda 3
Korean: 정원(庭園) (ko) (jeong'won)
Kumyk: бав (baw)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: gulistan (ku) f, baxçe (ku) m, bax (ku) m
Kyrgyz: бак (ky) (baq)
Laboya: oma
Lao: ສວນ (lo) (sūan)
Latgalian: duorzs m

Latin: hortus (la), pōmārium n, viridārium n
Latvian: dārzs m
Lithuanian: sodas (lt) m
Low German:
German Low German: Goorn (nds) m
Lü: ᦷᦉᧃ (ṡon)
Macedonian: градина f (gradina)
Malay: taman (ms), kebun (ms)
Malayalam: തോട്ടം (ml) (tōṭṭaṃ)
Maltese: ġnien m
Manchu: ᠶᠠᡶᠠᠨ (yafan)
Marathi: बगीचा (bagīcā)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: цэцэрлэг (mn) (tsetserleg), хүрээлэн (mn) (hüreelen)
Navajo: dáʼákʼeh
Neapolitan: ciardino m
Ngazidja Comorian: ɓustani 5 or 6
Norman: gardîn m (Jersey), gardin m (Guernsey)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: hage (no) m, have (no) m (Riksmål)

Nynorsk: hage m
Occitan: jardin (oc) m
Ojibwe: gitigaan
Old English: wyrttūn m
Old Javanese: kĕbwan, taman
Oromo: manduubee
Ossetian: бӕласдон (bælasdon)
Pali: please add this translation if you can
Pashto: بڼ‎ (ps) m (baṇ)
Pela: kʰjɛ̃⁵⁵, pɛ̃³¹ kʰjɛ̃⁵⁵
Persian: باغ‎ (fa) (bâğ), باغچه‎ (fa) (bâğče), پالیز‎ (fa) (pâliz)
Plautdietsch: Goaden m
Polish: sad (pl) m, ogród (pl) m
Portuguese: jardim (pt) m
Punjabi: ਬਗੀਚਾ m (bagīcā), ਬਾਗ m (bāg)
Romanian: grădină (ro) f
Romansch: curtin m (Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader), curtgin m (Sursilvan), curtgegn m (Sutsilvan), curtgign m (Surmiran)
Russian: сад (ru) m (sad)
Rusyn: загорода f (zahoroda)
Sanskrit: उद्यान (sa) n (udyāna)
Saterland Frisian: Tuun
Scottish Gaelic: gàrradh m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: вр̏т m, по̀вртња̄к m, вртњак m, са̑д m, садњак m, посадњак m, ба́шта f, ба́шча f

Roman: vȑt (sh) m, pòvrtnjāk (sh) m, vrtnjak m, sȃd (sh) m, sadnjak m, posadnjak m, bášta (sh) f, bášča (sh) f
Shan: သူၼ် (shn) (sǔun)
Sicilian: jardinu (scn) m
Sindhi : बागु m (baaghu)
Sinhalese: වත්ත (watta)
Slovak: záhrada f, záhradka f
Slovene: vrt (sl) m
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: zagroda f (in general), gumno n (area behind a barn for fruits and vegetables), gumnyško (small garden allotment)

Upper Sorbian: zahroda f, zahrodka f
Spanish: jardín (es) m
Sranan Tongo: dyari
Swahili: shamba (sw), bustani (sw)
Swedish: trädgård (sv) c
Tagalog: hardin (tl), lagwerta
Tajik: боғ (tg) (boġ), боғча (boġča)
Tamil: தோட்டம் (ta) (tōṭṭam)
Taos: wàlto’óna
Tatar: бакча (tt) (baqça)
Telugu: తోట (te) (tōṭa), ఉద్యానవనము (te) (udyānavanamu)
Thai: สวน (th) (sǔuan)
Tibetan: ལྡུམ་ར (ldum ra)
Tigrinya: ጀርዲን (ǧärdin)
Tocharian B: werpiśke, werwiye
Turkish: bahçe (tr)
Turkmen: bag (tk), mellek
Ugaritic: 𐎂𐎐 (gn)
Ukrainian: сад m (sad)
Urdu: باغیچہ‎ m (bāġīcā), باغ‎ m (bāġ)
Uyghur: باغ‎ (ug) (bagh), باغچا‎ (baghcha)
Uzbek: bogʻ (uz), bogʻcha (uz)
Venetian: xardin m, jardin
Vietnamese: vườn (vi)
Volapük: gad (vo)
Walloon: corti (wa) m, djårdén (wa) m
Welsh: gardd (cy)
West Frisian: tún
Yagnobi: боғ (boġ)
Yiddish: גאָרטן‎ m (gortn)
Zazaki: baxçe (diq), hêga (diq) m
Zhuang: suen

a vegetable garden

Azerbaijani: bostan (az)
Belarusian: агаро́д m (aharód)
Catalan: hort (ca) m
Cherokee: ᏠᎨᏏ (tlogesi)
Cheyenne: ho'eo'o
Finnish: kasvimaa (fi)
Georgian: ბაღჩა (ka) (baɣča), ბოსტანი (bosṭani)
Greek:
Ancient: λαχανεία f (lakhaneía)
Hungarian: veteményeskert (hu)
Italian: orto (it) m
Kikuyu: mũgũnda 3

Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: بێستان‎ (ku) (bêstan)

Northern Kurdish: bîstan (ku)
Latin: hortus (la)
Ojibwe: gitigaan
Persian: بستان‎ (fa) (bostân)
Plautdietsch: Goaden m
Russian: огоро́д (ru) m (ogoród), бахча́ (ru) f (baxčá) (for (water-)melons or pumpkins)
Turkish: bostan (tr)
Ukrainian: горо́д (uk) m (horód)
Volapük: härbatagad (vo)
Zazaki: boston (diq)

gardens with public access

Armenian: զբոսայգի (hy) (zbosaygi), այգի (hy) (aygi)
Azerbaijani: bağ (az)
Bashkir: баҡса (baqsa)
Bavarian: Goatn, Gartn
Bulgarian: парк (bg) m (park)
Catalan: jardí (ca) m, parc (ca) m, jardí públic
Czech: zahrada (cs) f
Danish: have (da) c, park (da) c, anlæg n
Dutch: tuin (nl) m, park (nl) n
Estonian: park (et)
Finnish: puutarha (fi), puisto (fi)
French: jardin public (fr) m, parc (fr) m
Galician: parque (gl) m
Georgian: ბაღი (baɣi)
German: Garten (de) m
Greek: πάρκο (el) n (párko)
Ancient: παράδεισος m (parádeisos)
Hungarian: park (hu)
Indonesian: taman (id)
Irish: gairdín (ga)
Italian: giardino pubblico m, parco (it) m
Japanese: 広場 (ja) (ひろば, hiroba)
Kabuverdianu: jardin

Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: باخچە‎ (ku) (baxçe), باغ‎ (ku) (baẍ), باخ‎ (ku) (bax)

Northern Kurdish: bax (ku) m, baxçe (ku) m
Latvian: parks m
Lithuanian: parkas (lt) m
Macedonian: градина f (gradina)
Malayalam: ഉദ്യാനം (ml) (udyānaṃ)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: park (no) m

Bokmål: hageanlegg n

Nynorsk: hageanlegg n
Persian: پردیس‎ (fa) (pardis), بوستان‎ (fa) (bustân), پارک‎ (fa) (pârk)
Polish: ogród (pl) m
Portuguese: parque (pt) m
Romanian: parc (ro) n, grădina publică f
Russian: сад (ru) m (sad)
Slovak: záhrada f, záhradka f
Slovene: vrt (sl) m
Spanish: jardines (es) m pl
Swedish: park (sv) c
Tamil: பூங்கா (ta) (pūṅkā), கடி (ta) (kaṭi)
Telugu: ఉద్యానవనం (te) (udyānavanaṁ)
Turkish: park (tr)
Walloon: djårdén (wa) m
Zazaki: baqse

grounds at the front or back of a house

Afrikaans: tuin (af), (at the front) voortuin, (backyard) agterplaas
Bashkir: баҡса (baqsa)
Bavarian: Goatn, Gartn
Belarusian: сад m (sad), агаро́д m (aharód) (vegetable garden)
Bulgarian: гради́на (bg) f (gradína)
Burmese: ဥယျာဉ် (my) (u.yyany)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 菜園 (zh), 菜园 (zh) (càiyuán) (vegetable garden)
Czech: zahrada (cs) f
Danish: have (da) c
Dutch: tuin (nl) m
Esperanto: gazono
Estonian: aed (et), juurviljaaed
Finnish: puutarha (fi)
French: jardin (fr) m
Galician: xardín (gl) m
Georgian: ბოსტანი (bosṭani)
German: Garten (de) m, (at the front of a house) Vorgarten (de) m
Greek: κήπος (el) m (kípos)
Hungarian: kert (hu), udvar (hu)
Irish: gairdín (ga)
Italian: giardino (it) m
Japanese: 庭 (ja) (にわ, niwa), 菜園 (ja) (さいえん, saien) (vegetable garden), 野菜畑 (やさいばたけ, yasaibatake) (vegetable garden)
Kabuverdianu: jardin

Kazakh: бақша (kk) (baqşa)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: dermal (ku) f, baxçe (ku) m, bax (ku) m
Macedonian: градина f (gradina), двор m (dvor)
Norman: gardîn m
Norwegian:
Bokmål: hage (no) m, tomt (no) m
Ossetian: цӕхӕрадон (cæxæradon)
Persian: باغچه‎ (fa) (bâğče)
Polish: ogród (pl) m, działka (pl) f
Portuguese: quintal (pt) m
Romanian: grădină (ro) f, curte (ro) f
Romansch: curtin m (Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader), curtgin m (Sursilvan), curtgegn m (Sutsilvan), curtgign m (Surmiran)
Russian: сад (ru) m (sad), бахча́ (ru) f (baxčá) (for (water-)melons or pumpkins)
Slovak: záhrada f, záhradka f
Slovene: vrt (sl) m
Spanish: jardín (es) m
Swedish: tomt (sv) c, trädgård (sv) c
Tajik: боғча (boġča)
Telugu: పెరడు (te) (peraḍu)
Turkish: arkabahçe (tr), ön bahçe
Ukrainian: сад m (sad), го́род (uk) m (hórod) (vegetable garden)
Vietnamese: vườn rau
Walloon: djårdén (wa) m
Yakut: оҕуруот (oğuruot)

slang: the pubic hair

German: Gestrüpp (de) n
Italian: foresta (it) f
Macedonian: шума (mk) f (šuma)
Persian: موی زهار‎ (mu-ye zahâr)

Portuguese: brenha (pt) f, matagal (pt) m
Romanian: iarbă (ro) f
Russian: волосня́ (ru) f (volosnjá)
Spanish: felpudo (es) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Central Atlas Tamazight: ^{(please verify)} ⵜⵓⵔⵜⵉⵜ f (turtit)
Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} врт

Volapük: ^{(please verify)} gad (vo)

VerbEdit

garden (third-person singular simple present gardens, present participle gardening, simple past and past participle gardened)

(intransitive, chiefly Canada, US) to grow plants in a garden; to create or maintain a garden.
Synonym: make garden (dated)

I love to garden — this year I'm going to plant some daffodils.
(intransitive, cricket) Of a batsman, to inspect and tap the pitch lightly with the bat so as to smooth out small rough patches and irregularities.
Synonym: farm