نظام

Arabic

Root
ن ظ م (n ẓ m)
10 terms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ni.ðˤaːm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

نِظَام • (niẓām) m (plural نُظُم (nuẓum) or أَنْظِمَة (ʔanẓima))

1. system

   نحتاج إلى تحسين نظام الصحة في البلاد.

   Naḥtāǧ ʾilā taḥsīn niẓām aṣ-ṣiḥḥah fī al-bilaad.

   We need to improve the healthcare system in the country.

2. regularity
3. order
4. method
5. rule
6. (politics) regime: perhaps short for نِظَام الْحُكْم (niẓām al-ḥukm, “system of rule”)

Declension

Declension of noun نِظَام (niẓām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نِظَام niẓām	النِّظَام an-niẓām	نِظَام niẓām
Nominative	نِظَامٌ niẓāmun	النِّظَامُ an-niẓāmu	نِظَامُ niẓāmu
Accusative	نِظَامًا niẓāman	النِّظَامَ an-niẓāma	نِظَامَ niẓāma
Genitive	نِظَامٍ niẓāmin	النِّظَامِ an-niẓāmi	نِظَامِ niẓāmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نِظَامَيْن niẓāmayn	النِّظَامَيْن an-niẓāmayn	نِظَامَيْ niẓāmay
Nominative	نِظَامَانِ niẓāmāni	النِّظَامَانِ an-niẓāmāni	نِظَامَا niẓāmā
Accusative	نِظَامَيْنِ niẓāmayni	النِّظَامَيْنِ an-niẓāmayni	نِظَامَيْ niẓāmay
Genitive	نِظَامَيْنِ niẓāmayni	النِّظَامَيْنِ an-niẓāmayni	نِظَامَيْ niẓāmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	نُظُم‎; أَنْظِمَة nuẓum‎; ʔanẓima	النُّظُم‎; الْأَنْظِمَة an-nuẓum‎; al-ʔanẓima	نُظُم‎; أَنْظِمَة nuẓum‎; ʔanẓimat
Nominative	نُظُمٌ‎; أَنْظِمَةٌ nuẓumun‎; ʔanẓimatun	النُّظُمُ‎; الْأَنْظِمَةُ an-nuẓumu‎; al-ʔanẓimatu	نُظُمُ‎; أَنْظِمَةُ nuẓumu‎; ʔanẓimatu
Accusative	نُظُمًا‎; أَنْظِمَةً nuẓuman‎; ʔanẓimatan	النُّظُمَ‎; الْأَنْظِمَةَ an-nuẓuma‎; al-ʔanẓimata	نُظُمَ‎; أَنْظِمَةَ nuẓuma‎; ʔanẓimata
Genitive	نُظُمٍ‎; أَنْظِمَةٍ nuẓumin‎; ʔanẓimatin	النُّظُمِ‎; الْأَنْظِمَةِ an-nuẓumi‎; al-ʔanẓimati	نُظُمِ‎; أَنْظِمَةِ nuẓumi‎; ʔanẓimati

Hyponyms

• نِظَام صَوْتِيّ (niẓām ṣawtiyy) ،نِظَام شَمْسِي (niẓām šamsī)

Derived terms

• نِظَامِيَّة (niẓāmiyya) ،نِظَامِيّ (niẓāmiyy)

Descendants

• → Avar: низам (nizam)
• → Kazakh: низам (nizam)
• → Kumyk: низам (nizam)
• → Northern Kurdish: nîzam
• → Kyrgyz: мыйзам (mıyzam)
• → Ottoman Turkish: نظام (nizam)
  • Turkish: nizam
• → Persian: نظام (nezâm)
  • → Dhivehi: ނިޒާމު (nizāmu)
  • → Hindi: निज़ाम (nizām)
  • → Urdu: نِظام (nizām)
• → Swahili: nidhamu
• → Turkmen: nyzam

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979) “نظم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic نِظَام (niẓām).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ni.zɑːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [nɪ.zɑːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [nɪ.zɑːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [nɪ.zɑːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ni.zɔːm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ne.zɒːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ni.zɔm]

Readings
Classical reading?	nizām
Dari reading?	nizām
Iranian reading?	nezâm
Tajik reading?	nizom

Noun

Dari	نظام
Iranian Persian
Tajik	низом

نظام • (nezâm)

1. system
2. order
3. military

Related terms

• نظامی (nezâmi)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian نظام (nizām), from Arabic نِظَام (niẓām).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /nɪ.zɑːm/
• Rhymes: -ɑːm
• Hyphenation: نِ‧ظام

Noun

نِظام • (nizām) m (Hindi spelling निज़ाम)

1. system, order
2. institution, foundation (network)

Related terms

• نظامت (nizāmat)
• نظم (nazm)
• نظمی (nazmī)

References

• “نظام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “نظام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.