Persian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (TWRA /⁠gāw⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎥𐎢 (g-u), from Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.

Cognate to English cow, Urdu گائے (gāe) / Hindi गाय (gāy), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao), Ancient Greek βοῦς (boûs), Latin bōs.

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? gāw
Dari reading? gāw
Iranian reading? gâv
Tajik reading? gov

Noun

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Dari گاو
Iranian Persian
Tajik гов

گاو (gâv) (plural گاوها (gâv-hâ))

  1. cow, bull, cattle
    • c. 1260, Rumi, “5:3500”, in The Masnavi:
      او اگر دیوانه است و فتنه‌کاو، داروی دیوانه باشد کیر گاو.
      u agar divâne ast o fetne-kâv, dâru-ye divâne bâšad kir-e gâv.
      If he is mad and bent on mischief, the cure for a madman is an ox-hide whip.
      (Reynold A. Nicholson translation)
  2. (astronomy) the constellation Taurus
    • 1192, Nizami Ganjavi, “Layla and Majnun”, in Khamsa:
      گاو فلکی چو گاو دریا، گوهر بگلو در از ثریا.
      gâv-e falaki čo gâv-e daryâ, gowhar be-galu dorr az sorayyâ.
      the celestial Bull, like the cow of the sea, has on its neck gems, and pearls from the Pleiades.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Urdu: گاو (gāv, gāo)

References

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  1. ^ Benjamin W. Fortson IV (2010) “Indo-Iranian I: Indic”, in Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, 2nd edition, page 203

Further reading

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Urdu

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Etymology

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From Classical Persian گاو (gāw, cow), from Middle Persian [script needed] (TWRA /⁠gāw⁠/), from Old Persian [Term?] (/⁠gaua⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gāuš (cow), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (cow, cattle).

Cognate with Pashto غوا (ǧwâ), Punjabi گاں (gāṉ), Kashmiri گاو (gāv), Wakhi ږوْؤ (ɣɨu), Yagnobi ғов (γow), Bactrian γαοι (gāw), Khotanese 𐨒𐨂𐨌𐨱𐨌 (gūhā), and Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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گاو (gāv or gāom (Hindi spelling गाव)

  1. cow, bull, ox
    Synonym: گائے (gāe)
  2. cattle

Declension

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Declension of گاو
singular plural
direct گاو (gāv) گاویں (gāvẽ)
oblique گاو (gāv) گاووں (gāvõ)
vocative گاو (gāv) گاوو (gāvo)

Derived terms

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