ܐܟܡ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܐ ܟ ܡ (ˀ k m)
4 terms

Denominal verb from the color ܐ݇ܟܘܿܡܵܐ (kōmā, “black”), from Aramaic אוּכָּמָא (ʾukkāmā); compare Hebrew אָכַם (akhám, “to be sun-burnt, black, dark-colored”)

Alternative forms

• ܟܵܐܸܡ (kāˀim)

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːkemː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːt͡ʃɪmː]

Verb

ܐܵܟܹܡ • (ākēm) (present participle ܐ݇ܟܵܡܵܐ (kāmā), past participle ܐ݇ܟܝܼܡܵܐ (kīmā))

1. (intransitive) to blacken; to be/become black

   Synonym: ܫܵܚܹܪ (šāḥēr)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܐܵܟܹܡ (ākēm)

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܐ݇ܟܝܼܡ ܠܝܼ (kīm lī)	ܐ݇ܟܝܼܡ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (kīm lūḵ)	ܐ݇ܟܝܼܡ ܠܹܗ (kīm lēh)	ܐ݇ܟܝܼܡ ܠܲܢ (kīm lan)	ܐ݇ܟܝܼܡ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kīm lāwḵōn)	ܐ݇ܟܝܼܡ ܠܗܘܿܢ (kīm lhōn)
	f		ܐ݇ܟܝܼܡ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (kīm lāḵ)	ܐ݇ܟܝܼܡ ܠܵܗ̇ (kīm lāh)
non-past	m	ܐܵܟܡܹܢ (ākmēn)	ܐܵܟܡܹܬ (ākmēt)	ܐܵܟܹܡ (ākēm)	ܐܵܟܡܲܚ (ākmaḥ)	ܐܵܟܡܝܼܬܘܿܢ (ākmītōn)	ܐܵܟܡܝܼ (ākmī)
	f	ܐܵܟܡܵܢ (ākmān)	ܐܵܟܡܵܬܝ (ākmāt)	ܐܵܟܡܵܐ (ākmā)
imperative	m		ܐ݇ܟܘܿܡ (kōm)			ܐ݇ܟܘܿܡܘܼܢ (kōmūn)
	f		ܐ݇ܟܘܿܡܝ (kōm)

Derived terms

• ܡܲܟܸܡ (makkim)

Etymology 2

Root
ܐ ܛ ܡ (ˀ ṭ m)
1 term

From the older form ܐܵܛܹܡ (āṭēm), from Aramaic אֲטַם (ʾăṭam), with the /ṭ/ shifting to /č̣/ as observed in many words; compare Hebrew אָטַם (atám, “to seal”), Classical Syriac ܐܛܡ (“to close, shut”).

Alternative forms

• ܟ̰ܵܐܸܡ (čāˀim)

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːt͡ʃˤeːm]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːt͡ʃˤɪm]

Verb

ܐܵܟ̰ܹܡ • (āčēm) (present participle ܐ݇ܟ̰ܵܡܵܐ (čāmā), past participle ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡܵܐ (čīmā))

1. (transitive, intransitive) to close, shut (also of the eyes)

   Synonyms: ܕܵܒ݂ܹܪ (dāḇēr), ܣܵܟ݂ܹܪ (sāḵēr), ܙܵܓ݂ܹܪ (zāḡēr)

   Antonym: ܦܵܬ݂ܹܚ (pāṯēḥ)

   ܬܲܪܥܵܐ ܘܟܵܘܬܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܦܵܬ݂ܚܝܼ ܘܐܵܟ̰ܡܝܼ ܥܲܠ ܥܸܩܒܲܝܗ̈ܘܿܢ. ― tarˁā w-kāwtā kē pāṯḥī w-āčmī ˁal ˁiqbayhōn. ― A door and a window open and close on their hinges.

2. (offensive) to shut up, stop talking, be quiet

   Synonym: ܫܵܬ݂ܹܩ (šāṯēq)

3. (figurative) to be/become obstinate

   ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡ ܠܵܗ̇ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ. ― čīm lāh nafšēh. ― He was stubborn and unable to learn anything (literally, “His soul closed up.”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ܐܵܟ̰ܹܡ (āčēm)

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡ ܠܝܼ (čīm lī)	ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (čīm lūḵ)	ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡ ܠܹܗ (čīm lēh)	ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡ ܠܲܢ (čīm lan)	ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (čīm lāwḵōn)	ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡ ܠܗܘܿܢ (čīm lhōn)
	f		ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (čīm lāḵ)	ܐ݇ܟ̰ܝܼܡ ܠܵܗ̇ (čīm lāh)
non-past	m	ܐܵܟ̰ܡܹܢ (āčmēn)	ܐܵܟ̰ܡܹܬ (āčmēt)	ܐܵܟ̰ܹܡ (āčēm)	ܐܵܟ̰ܡܲܚ (āčmaḥ)	ܐܵܟ̰ܡܝܼܬܘܿܢ (āčmītōn)	ܐܵܟ̰ܡܝܼ (āčmī)
	f	ܐܵܟ̰ܡܵܢ (āčmān)	ܐܵܟ̰ܡܵܬܝ (āčmāt)	ܐܵܟ̰ܡܵܐ (āčmā)
imperative	m		ܐ݇ܟ̰ܘܿܡ (čōm)			ܐ݇ܟ̰ܘܿܡܘܼܢ (čōmūn)
	f		ܐ݇ܟ̰ܘܿܡܝ (čōm)