ܕ-

See also: ܕ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology

From Aramaic דְּ־ (də-).

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): [d(ə)-]
• IPA^(key): [ʔɪd-] (at starting speech)

Pronoun

ܕ- • (d-)

1. (relative pronoun) that, which, who(m).

   ܒܸܚܫܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܕܝܼܠܹܗ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܵܐ. ― biḥšāḇā ìwen d-īlēh ānanqāyā. ― I think that it is important.

   ܙܘܼܙܹ̈ܐ ܕܐ݇ܬܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܬܸܡܵܠ. ― zuzē d-tē lhon timmāl. ― The money that came yesterday.

2. As an intensified structure for noun phrases

   ܡܸܣܟܹܝܢܵܐ ܕܣܵܒ݂ܝܼ ― miskēnā d-sāḇī ― My very humble grandfather (literally, “The humble one who is my grandfather.”)

   ܗܲܘܢܵܢܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܩܘܿܣ ― hawnānā d-Mārqōs ― The very smart Mark (Used sarcastically) (literally, “The smart one who is Mark.”)

   ܣܪܝܼܚܵܐ ܕܐܲܚܘܿܢܹܗ ― srīḥā d-aḥōnēh ― His very impudent brother (literally, “The impudent one who is his brother.”)

   ܡܚܘܼܣܝܵܐ ܕܒܵܒܝܼ ― mḥussyā d-bābī ― My late father (literally, “The absolved one who is my father.”)

   ܒܝܼܫܵܐ ܕܣܵܛܵܢܵܐ ― bīšā d-sāṭānā ― Satan the very evil one (literally, “The evil one who is Satan.”)

Conjunction

ܕ- • (d-)

1. in order that, for, so that used to indicate purpose

   ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܐܵܟ݂ܠܹܬ ܕܡܲܣܒ݂ܸܥܸܬ ܠܹܗ ܟܸܦܢܘܼܟ݂. ― wālē d-āḵlēt d-masḇiʿit lēh kipnuḵ. ― You have to eat so that you can satsify your hunger.

Derived terms

• ܩܵܐ ܕ- (qā d-)

Preposition

ܕ- • (d-)

1. Of, belonging to, owned by, pertaining to.

   ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܠܘܼܩܵܐ ― ktāḇā d-luqā ― Luke’s book (literally, “The book of Luke”)

   ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܐܵܗܵܐ ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܼܘܼܟ݂؟ ― aykā ìlēh āhā ktāḇā dīyuḵ? ― Where is that book of yours?

Usage notes

• Occasionally the variant ܕܲ- (da-) is used in some learned borrowings from Classical Syriac, when preceding a two-consonant cluster. E.g. ܐܵܓ݂ܘܿܓ݂ܵܐ ܕܲܕܡܵܐ (āḡōḡā da-dmā, “blood vessel”) and ܩܸܢܛܪܘܿܢ ܕܲܡܕ݂ܝܼܢܬܵܐ (qinṭrōn damḏīntā, “downtown”).

Inflection

Inflection of ܕ- (d-)

Base Form			ܕ- (d-)
Personal-pronoun including forms	singular		plural
	m	f
1st person	ܕܝܼܝܼ (dīyī)		ܕܝܼܲܢ (dīyan)
2nd person	ܕܝܼܘܼܟ݂ (dīyūḵ)	ܕܝܼܵܟ݂ܝ (dīyāḵ)	ܕܝܼܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (dīyāwḵōn)
3rd person	ܕܝܼܹܗ (dīyēh)	ܕܝܼܵܗ̇ (dīyāh)	ܕܝܼܗܘܿܢ (dīhōn)

Derived terms

• ܕܝܼܠ (dīl, “belonging to”)

Pronunciation 2

• (standard) IPA^(key): [dɪ-], [diː]

Particle

ܕܸ- or ܕܝܼ • (di- or dī)

1. intensifier of annoyance or anger in urging or request, used before imperatives

   ܕܝܼ ܡܲܐܬ݂ܝܼ ܠܝܼ ܠܵܗ̇! ― dī maˀṯī lī lāh! ― Just go bring it to me!

2. particle indicating kind request or urging used before imperatives

   ܕܝܼ ܐ݇ܡܘܿܪ ܠܝܼ! ― dī mōr lī! ― Kindly tell me!

Usage notes

The perceived meaning of this particle, used either kindly or unkindly, is dependent on the tone of voice it is said in.