ܚܘܒܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܚ ܒ ܒ (ḥ b b)
4 terms

From Aramaic חוּבָּא (ḥūbbā, “love; burning sensation”); compare Arabic حُبّ (ḥubb). In some dialects influenced by Classical Syriac, hence /ḥ/.

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈxub.bɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ˈħub.bɑː]

Noun

ܚܘܼܒܵܐ • (ḥubbā) m

1. love, affection

   Synonyms: ܪܸܚܡܬ݂ܵܐ (riḥmṯā), ܒܸܥܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (biˁyūṯā)

   • John 5:42:

     ܐܸܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܢ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܕܠܲܝܬ ܒܝܼܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ.

     illā kē yāḏˁēn lāwḵōn dlayt bīyāwḵōn ḥubbā d-allāhā.

     But I know you, that ye have not the love of God in you.

   • Romans 5:8:

     ܐܝܼܢܵܐ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ ܡܘܼܚܙܹܐ ܠܹܗ ܚܘܼܒܹܗ ܐܸܠܲܢ، ܟܲܕ݂ ܚܲܛܵܝܹ̈ܐ ܝܘܲܚ ܗ݇ܘܵܘ، ܗܵܕܟ݂ܵܐ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ ܡܝܼܬ݂ ܠܹܗ ܚܠܵܦܲܢ.

     īnā allāhā muḥzē lēh ḥubbēh illan, kaḏ ḥaṭṭāyē ìwaḥ wā, hādḵā mšīḥā mīṯ lēh ḥlāpan.

     But God demonstrates His own love toward us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (ḥubbā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܘܼܒܝܼ (ḥubbī)		ܚܘܼܒܲܢ (ḥubban)
	construct	ܚܘܼܒ (ḥūb)	2nd person	ܚܘܼܒܘܼܟ݂ (ḥubbūḵ)	ܚܘܼܒܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥubbāḵ)	ܚܘܼܒܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥubbāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (ḥubbā)	3rd person	ܚܘܼܒܹܗ (ḥubbēh)	ܚܘܼܒܵܗ̇ (ḥubbāh)	ܚܘܼܒܗܘܿܢ (ḥubbhōn)

Derived terms

• ܒܚܘܼܒܘܼܟ݂ (bḥubbūḵ)
• ܒܲܪ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (bar ḥubbā)
• ܚܘܼܒܵܐܝܼܬ݂
• ܚܘܼܒܵܢܵܐ (ḥubbānā)
• ܚܘܼܒܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (ḥūbānāˀīṯ)
• ܚܘܼܒܵܢܵܝܵܐ (ḥūbānāyā)
• ܡܵܪ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (mār ḥubbā)
• ܫܘܿܥܝܼܬ݂ ܚܘܼܒܵܐ (šōˁīṯ ḥubbā)

 

Etymology 2

Root
ܚ ܘ ܒ (ḥ w b)
4 terms

From Aramaic חַוְבָא (ḥawbā); compare Hebrew חוֹב (khov).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ˈxɑw.bɑː]
• (Urmia) IPA^(key): [ˈxoːbɑː]

Noun

ܚܵܘܒܵܐ • (ḥāwbā) m sg (plural ܚܵܘܒܹ̈ܐ (ḥāwbē))

1. debt, due, obligation
2. guilt, liability
3. (in the plural) sins

   Synonym: ܚܸܛܝܵܬ݂ܹ̈ܐ (ḥiṭyāṯē)

Inflection

Inflection of ܚܵܘܒܵܐ (ḥāwbā)

number	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
				m	f
singular	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܵܘܒܝܼ (ḥāwbī)		ܚܵܘܒܲܢ (ḥāwban)
	construct	ܚܘܿܒ݂ (ḥōḇ)	2nd person	ܚܵܘܒܘܼܟ݂ (ḥāwbūḵ)	ܚܵܘܒܵܟ݂ܝ (ḥāwbāḵ)	ܚܵܘܒܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥāwbāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܵܘܒܵܐ (ḥāwbā)	3rd person	ܚܵܘܒܹܗ (ḥāwbēh)	ܚܵܘܒܵܗ̇ (ḥāwbāh)	ܚܵܘܒܗܘܿܢ (ḥāwbhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1st person	ܚܵܘܒܝܼ̈ (ḥāwbī)		ܚܵܘܒܲܢ̈ (ḥāwban)
	construct	ܚܵܘܒܲܝ̈ (ḥāwbay)	2nd person	ܚܵܘܒܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (ḥāwbūḵ)	ܚܵܘܒܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (ḥāwbāḵ)	ܚܵܘܒܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (ḥāwbāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܚܵܘܒܹ̈ܐ (ḥāwbē)	3rd person	ܚܵܘܒܘܼ̈ܗܝ (ḥāwbūh)	ܚܵܘܒ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (ḥāwbōh)	ܚܵܘܒܗ̈ܘܿܢ (ḥāwbhōn)

Derived terms

• ܚܵܘܒܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥāwbṯā)
• ܡܵܪ ܚܵܘܒܵܐ (mār ḥāwbā)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܚ-ܒ-ܒ (ḥ-b-b) related to burning; compare Arabic حُبّ (ḥubb).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħub.bɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxub.bɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħu.bo]

Noun

ܚܘܒܐ • (ḥūbbā) m(uncountable)

1. love, affection
   • Peshitta, John 5:42:

     ܐܠܐ ܝܕܥܬܟܘܢ. ܕܚܘܒܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܠܝܬ ܒܟܘܢ.

     ʾellā ʾīḏaʿtəḵōn, də-ḥūbbēh ḏə-ʾălāhā layt bəḵōn.

     But I know you, that ye have not the love of God in you.

2. charity
3. (used with 2nd person possessive suffixes as a title) dear, beloved

Inflection

    declension of ܚܘܒܐ

state	singular (uncountable)
absolute	ܚܘܒ
construct	ܚܘܒ
emphatic	ܚܘܒܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܘܒܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܘܒܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܘܒܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܘܒܗ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܘܒܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܘܒܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܘܒܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܘܒܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܘܒܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܘܒܗܝܢ

Derived terms

• ܒܚܘܒ ܩܛܝܪ (bə-ḥoḇ qəṭīr, “willy-nilly”)
• ܒܪ ܚܘܒܐ (bar ḥūbbā, “friend”)
• ܚܘܒܐܝܬ (ḥūbbāʾīṯ, “lovingly”)
• ܚܘܒܢܐܝܬ (ḥūbbānāʾīṯ, “lovingly”)
• ܚܘܒܢܝܐ (ḥūbbānāyā, “loving”)

 

Etymology 2

From the root ܚ-ܘ-ܒ (ḥ-w-b) related to owing; compare Hebrew חוֹב (ḥôḇ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [ˈħaw.bɑ]
• (Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈxɑw.bɑ]
• (Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈħɑw.bo]

Noun

ܚܘܒܐ • (ḥawbā) m (plural ܚܘܒܐ (ḥawbē))

1. debt, due
2. guilt, liability
3. (in the plural) sins
   • Peshitta, Matthew 6:12:

     ܘܫܒܘܩ ܠܢ ܚܘܒܝ̈ܢ: ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܐܦ ܚܢܢ ܫܒܩܢ ܠܚܝܒܝ̈ܢ.

     wa-šəḇoq lan ḥawbayn, ʾaykannā ḏə-āp̄ ḥənan šəḇaqn lə-ḥayyāḇayn.

     And forgive us our debts [sins], as we forgive our debtors.

Inflection

    inflection of ܚܘܒܐ

state	singular	plural
absolute	ܚܘܒ	ܚܘܒܝܢ
construct	ܚܘܒ	ܚܘܒܝ
emphatic	ܚܘܒܐ	ܚܘܒܐ
possessive forms
1st c. sg. (my)	ܚܘܒܝ	ܚܘܒܝ
2nd m. sg. (your)	ܚܘܒܟ	ܚܘܒܝܟ
2nd f. sg. (your)	ܚܘܒܟܝ	ܚܘܒܝܟܝ
3rd m. sg. (his)	ܚܘܒܗ	ܚܘܒܘܗܝ
3rd f. sg. (her)	ܚܘܒܗ	ܚܘܒܝܗ
1st c. pl. (our)	ܚܘܒܢ	ܚܘܒܝܢ
2nd m. pl. (your)	ܚܘܒܟܘܢ	ܚܘܒܝܟܘܢ
2nd f. pl. (your)	ܚܘܒܟܝܢ	ܚܘܒܝܟܝܢ
3rd m. pl. (their)	ܚܘܒܗܘܢ	ܚܘܒܝܗܘܢ
3rd f. pl. (their)	ܚܘܒܗܝܢ	ܚܘܒܝܗܝܢ

Derived terms

• ܡܪܐ ܚܘܒܐ (mārē ḥawbā, “debtor”)

References

• “ḥwb³”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-17
• “ḥwb”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2008-11-25
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 93b, 98b
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 129b
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 419a-b