sin
TranslingualEdit
SymbolEdit
sin
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.
Cognate with Scots syn, sin (“sin”), Saterland Frisian Säände (“sin”), West Frisian sûnde (“sin”), Dutch zonde (“sin”), Low German sunn, sunne (“sin”), German Sünde (“sin”), Danish synd (“sin”), Swedish synd (“sin”), Icelandic synð, synd (“sin”), Latin sont-, sons (“sinful, guilty, criminal”). Doublet of suttee.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)
- (theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
- As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.
- 1866, Buchanan, James, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion[1], New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:
- Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it; […]
- Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.
- A misdeed or wrong.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:
- The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
- A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 5:21, column 2:
- For he hath made him to be ſinne for vs, who knewe no ſinne, […]
- An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
- 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 222, column 1:
- Thy Ambition / (Thou Scarlet ſinne) robb’d this bewailing Land / Of Noble Buckingham, […]
- A flaw or mistake.
- No movie is without sin.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
VerbEdit
sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)
- (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Modification of shin.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin (plural sins)
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
sin (plural sins)
- Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”)
AnagramsEdit
AfarEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sín (predicative síini)
See alsoEdit
DeterminerEdit
sín
- your (second person plural)
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “sin”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
AfrikaansEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin (plural sinne, diminutive sinnetjie)
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
ParticleEdit
sin
- Misspelling of s'n.
AromanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân, Spanish seno.
NounEdit
sin n (plural sinj)
See alsoEdit
AsturianEdit
PrepositionEdit
sin
- Alternative form of ensin
BretonEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
sin m
CebuanoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).
NounEdit
sin
- zinc
- galvanized iron sheet
CornishEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
sin m (plural sînys)
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -in
PronounEdit
sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)
- (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)
- Han læste sin bog ― He read his (own) book
- Compare: Han læste hans bog ― He read his (somebody else's) book
- Compare:
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common(noun) | den | dens | |||||
neuter(noun) | det | dets | |||||
reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
archaic / formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
reflexive | – | sig |
EsperantoEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
PronounEdit
sin
- accusative of si
FonEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognates include Gun sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sìn
ReferencesEdit
- Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN
GunEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Cognates include Fon sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sìn (plural sìn lɛ́ or sìn lẹ́)
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
sín
- comes after a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Gbẹ̀tọ́ sín àfọ̀ / Gbɛ̀tɔ́ sín àfɔ̀ ― The human's foot
ReferencesEdit
- Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN)
HausaEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin f
- sin (letter of the Arabic alphabet)
HunsrikEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sin
- to be
- Ich sin en Mann.
- I am a man.
- Deer seid zu mied.
- You are too tired.
- Sie denke, dass-se en Hex is.
- They think she's a witch.
- (auxiliary) forms the perfect tense of most intransitive verbs
- Ich sin fortgang.
- I am gone.
InflectionEdit
Irregular with past tense, conditional and subjunctive mood | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | sin | ||||
participle | gewees, geweest, geween | ||||
auxiliary | sin | ||||
present indicative |
past indicative |
conditional | subjunctive | imperative | |
ich | sin | waar | wäär | sei | — |
du | bist | waarst | wäärst | seist | sei |
er/sie/es | is | waar | wäär | sei | — |
meer | sin | waare | wääre | seie | — |
deer | seid | waard | wäärd | seid | seid |
sie | sin | waare | wääre | seie | — |
The use of the present participle is uncommon, but can be made with the suffix -end. |
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
IcelandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)
DeclensionEdit
IrishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
sin
- (used with the definite article) that
- an buachaill sin ― that boy
PronounEdit
sin
- that
- Sin é mo dheartháir.
- That is my brother.
Derived termsEdit
MutationEdit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
sin | shin after an, tsin |
not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
sin
Iu MienEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
sin
KabyleEdit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sin | ||
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Berber.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
sin m (feminine snat)
ReferencesEdit
- Bellahsene, Linda; Hameg, Nadia (2009), “Kabyle numeral system”, in Université Paris 4, CNRS, editor, Numeral Systems of the World's Languages[4], Paris, France
LadinoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
sin (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סין)
AntonymsEdit
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
sīn
ReferencesEdit
- sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
LivonianEdit
PronounEdit
sin
MenienEdit
NounEdit
sin
ReferencesEdit
- Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155
Middle DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.
NounEdit
sin m or f
InflectionEdit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “sin, sinne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “sin (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
ConjunctionEdit
sin
- Alternative form of sithen
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
sin
- Alternative form of synne
Middle High GermanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old High German sīn. Cognate with Middle Low German sīn.
VerbEdit
sīn
DescendantsEdit
- German: sein
Etymology 2Edit
From Old High German sīn.
DeterminerEdit
sīn
DescendantsEdit
- German: sein
Middle IrishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
DeterminerEdit
sin
- (used with the definite article) that
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
- Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
- That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
PronounEdit
sin
- that
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
- Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
- That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]
- c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
Further readingEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Middle Low GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronounEdit
sîn
- (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, masculine, genitive) of his
- lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
- John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.
- (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, neuter, genitive) of it
- (possessive, third person, in the singular, masculine) his
- (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its
DeclensionEdit
Personal pronoun:
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
Possessive pronoun:
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strong declension | ||||
Masculine | sîn | sînen | sînem(e) (sînennote) | sînes |
Neuter | sîn | |||
Feminine | sîne | sîner(e) | ||
Plural | sîne | sînen | sîner(e) | |
Weak declension | ||||
Masculine | sîne | sînen | sînen | |
Neuter | sîne | |||
Feminine | sînen | |||
Plural | sînen | |||
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period. |
Alternative formsEdit
- sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
VerbEdit
sîn
- to be
Usage notesEdit
- Wēsen is a verb with a suppletive conjugation based on multiple Proto-Germanic stems. For many verb forms, authors freely chose between forms based on the stems wēs- and sî-, without semantic impact. This is also true for modern Low German and Dutch. For the forms based on the sî- stem, see the respective entry at wēsen.
DescendantsEdit
Min NanEdit
For pronunciation and definitions of sin – see 新 (“new; fresh; new; unused; etc.”). (This character, sin, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 新.) |
MiskitoEdit
AdverbEdit
sin
Edit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).
Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medicine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin (possessed form biyiin)
InflectionEdit
singular | duoplural | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
1st person | shiyiin | nihiyiin | danihiyiin |
2nd person | niyiin | nihiyiin | danihiyiin |
3rd person | biyiin | ||
4th person (3o) | yiyiin | ||
4th person (3a) | hayiin | ||
Indefinite (3i) | ayiin |
North FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn.
PronounEdit
sin
Northern SamiEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sin
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)
- (reflexive) her / his / its / their
- indicating possession; 's, of
- Det var skolen sin bil.
- It was the school's car.
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | – | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | – | dere | deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
ReferencesEdit
- “sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
sin (masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)
- (reflexive) her/his/its/their
- indicating possession; 's, of
- Det var skulen sin bil.
- It was the school’s car.
ReferencesEdit
- “sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.
DeterminerEdit
sīn
InflectionEdit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | sīn | sīn | sīn |
Accusative | sīnin | sīna | sīn |
Genitive | sīnis | sīnro | sīnis |
Dative | sīnin | sīnro | sīnin |
Instrumental | sīnin | sīnro | sīnin |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | sīna | sīna | sīna |
Accusative | sīna | sīna | sīna |
Genitive | sīnro | sīnro | sīnro |
Dative | sīnon | sīnon | sīnon |
Instrumental | sīn- | sīn- | sīn- |
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “sīn (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).
Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sīn
- (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
- him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
- þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
- þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
- Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair
Usage notesEdit
- Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.
DeclensionEdit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | sīn | sīn | sīn |
Accusative | sīnne | sīne | sīn |
Genitive | sīnes | sīnre | sīnes |
Dative | sīnum | sīnre | sīnum |
Instrumental | sīne | sīnre | sīne |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | sīne | sīna, sīne | sīn |
Accusative | sīne | sīna, sīne | sīn |
Genitive | sīnra | sīnra | sīnra |
Dative | sīnum | sīnum | sīnum |
Instrumental | sīnum | sīnum | sīnum |
Old High GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-West Germanic *sinn.
NounEdit
sin m
DeclensionEdit
case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | sin | sina |
accusative | sin | sina |
genitive | sines | sino |
dative | sine | sinum |
instrumental | sinu | — |
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014
Old IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).
DeterminerEdit
sin
- that, those (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
- Synonym: tall
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c23
- co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu
- so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
- De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
- Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
PronounEdit
sin
- that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
- Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
- It is in the person of Christ that I do that.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
Derived termsEdit
Old NorseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *senawō.
NounEdit
sin f (genitive sinar)
ReferencesEdit
- “sin”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old SaxonEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.
DeterminerEdit
sīn m or n
- (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
- that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen(Heliand, verse 3832)
- Those are his lies: that they shall be your souls
DeclensionEdit
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | sīn | sīne | sīn | sīnu | sīn | sīne |
accusative | sīnana | sīne | sīn | sīnu | sīna | sīne |
genitive | sīnes | sīnarō | sīnes | sīnarō | sīnaro | sīnarō |
dative | sīnumu | sīnum | sīnumu | sīnum | sīnaro | sīnum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | sīno | sīnu | sīna | sīnu | sīna | sīnu |
accusative | sīnun | sīnun | sīna | sīnun | sīnun | sīnun |
genitive | sīnun | sīnonō | sīnun | sīnonō | sīnun | sīnonō |
dative | sīnun | sīnum | sīnun | sīnum | sīnun | sīnum |
DescendantsEdit
- Low German: sien
See alsoEdit
Personal pronouns | |||||
Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
Dative | |||||
Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
Dative | ūs | im | |||
Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro |
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.
VerbEdit
sīn (irregular)
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | sīn | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | *em, *im | was |
2nd person singular | *art | *wāri |
3rd person singular | ist, is | was |
plural | sind, sindun, *arun | wārun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | sī | wāri |
2nd person singular | sīs | wāris |
3rd person singular | sī | wāri |
plural | sīn | wārin |
imperative | present | |
singular | wes, wis | |
plural | wesad, wesat, wesath | |
participle | present | past |
wesandi | giwesan |
DescendantsEdit
Old SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
sin
- without
- c. 1200, Cantar del Mio Cid:
- Vio puertas abiertas e uços sin cannados
- He saw open doors and gates without locks
AntonymsEdit
DescendantsEdit
PicardEdit
PronounEdit
sin m
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”).
NounEdit
sin m (uncountable)
- (dated, regional) son of (in patronymics)
DeclensionEdit
Saterland FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn. Cognates include West Frisian syn and German sein.
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
sin (feminine sien, neuter sien, plural sien, predicative sinnen)
See alsoEdit
Possessive determiners | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||||||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
masculine | min | din | sin | hiere | sin | uus | jou | hiere | |
other | mien | dien | sien | sien | |||||
Possessive pronouns | |||||||||
singular | plural | ||||||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
masculine | minnen | dinnen | sinnen | hierens | sinnen | uzen | jouens | hierens | |
other | mienen | dienen | sienen | sienen |
ReferencesEdit
Scottish GaelicEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sin
- that
- Dè tha sin?
- What is that?
Derived termsEdit
DeterminerEdit
sin
- (used with the definite article) that
- an gille sin
- that boy
Derived termsEdit
- an sin (“there; then”)
- air a shon sin (“nevertheless”)
- an dèidh sin (“afterwards; nevertheless”)
- cho math ri sin (“furthermore”)
- iad sin (“those”)
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)
DeclensionEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)
- sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)
DeclensionEdit
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sȋn m anim
InflectionEdit
Declension of sin | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | sin | ||
gen. sing. | sina | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | sin | sinova | sinovi |
accusative | sin / sinu | sinova | sinove |
genitive | sina | sinov | sinov |
dative | sinu | sinovoma | sinovom |
locative | sinu | sinovih | sinovih |
instrumental | sinom | sinovoma | sinovi |
Further readingEdit
- “sin”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine. Cognate with English sans, French sans, Italian senza, and Portuguese sem.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
sin
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “sin”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).
NounEdit
sin ?
- Dryness, the state of having run dry.
Usage notesEdit
Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)
- his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).
- Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.
- He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago.
- Compare: Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan.
- He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.
- Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda.
- She collects her poems in a box.
- Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband.
- The dog doesn’t like its collar.
- De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet.
- They gathered their papers and left the meeting.
Usage notesEdit
- The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.
DeclensionEdit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
TatarEdit
PronounEdit
sin
TurkishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n (“monument, tomb”).[1]
NounEdit
sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinler)
InflectionEdit
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | sin | |
Definite accusative | sini | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | sin | sinler |
Definite accusative | sini | sinleri |
Dative | sine | sinlere |
Locative | sinde | sinlerde |
Ablative | sinden | sinlerden |
Genitive | sinin | sinlerin |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*sɨ(j)n”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
sin
- Letter of the Arabic alphabet: س
VietnameseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Translingual sin, from English sine, from Latin sinus.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin
See alsoEdit
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PIE word |
---|
*(s)ḱeh₃- |
From Welsh scene, from Middle French scene, from Latin scaena, scēna, from Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ, “scene, stage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Doublet of cysgod (“shade, shadow”).
NounEdit
sin f (plural sinau, not mutable)
- scene (social environment)
- y sin bop Gymraeg ― the Welsh-language pop scene
Etymology 2Edit
From English sine, from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب (jayb, “bosom”), from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinws (“sinus”).
NounEdit
sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)
Etymology 3Edit
From Middle English sine, from Old French signe, from Latin signum, ultimatedly from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”); Doublet of hesg (“sedges, rushes”) if the former, Doublet of chwedl (“tale”), ateb (“to answer”), and gohebu (“to correspond”) if the latter.
NounEdit
sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)
- (obsolete) sign
- Synonym: arwydd
- (obsolete) symbol
- Synonym: symbol
- (obsolete) emblem
- Synonym: arwyddlun
ReferencesEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
West FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Frisian sinn, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin c (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)
- sentence (syntactic unit containing a subject and a predicate)
- sense (means of experiencing the external world)
- meaning, sense, significance
Further readingEdit
- “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
NounEdit
sin n (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)
Further readingEdit
- “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
YorubaEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sìn
- (transitive) to worship a deity; to revere
- (transitive) to serve
Usage notesEdit
- sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sìn
- (transitive) to domesticate an animal or plant
Usage notesEdit
- sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
- ọ̀sìn (“domestication”)
Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sìn
- (transitive) to give a girl away in marriage
Usage notesEdit
- sin before a direct object
Etymology 4Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sìn
- (transitive) to accompany or escort someone; to keep company of someone; to guide
Usage notesEdit
- sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 5Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sìn
- (transitive) to serve, to work for someone
Usage notesEdit
- sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
- ìsìn (“servitude”)
Etymology 6Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sìn
- (transitive) to demand something from someone to recover it
Usage notesEdit
- sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 7Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sin
- (transitive) to bury in soil
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 8Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sin
Etymology 9Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sín
- (transitive, usually with gbẹ́rẹ́) to incise the body (usually in the process of traditional rituals)
- Synonym: síngbẹ́rẹ́
Derived termsEdit
- ìsíngbẹ́rẹ́ (“scarification”)
Etymology 10Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sín
- (intransitive) to sneeze
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 11Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sín
- (intransitive) to string or piece things together
- Synonym: sò
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 12Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
sín
- (intransitive) to crack a nut (to reach the inner seed or kernel)
Derived termsEdit
ZhuangEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θin˨˦/
- Tone numbers: sin1
- Hyphenation: sin
NounEdit
sin (Sawndip form 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sin)
- the eighth of the ten heavenly stems