sin
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sin"
Contents
TranslingualEdit
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English sinn, senn, synn (“injury, mischief, enmity, feud; sin, guilt, crime”), from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *sent-, *sont- ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true, very, sooth"; see sooth).
cognates
Alternative formsEdit
- synne (obsolete)
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin (plural sins)
- (theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
- I'm Christian and I think that's a sin against God.
- A misdeed.
-
1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess[1]:
- The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
-
- A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
- Bible, 2 Corinthians v. 21
- He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin.
- Bible, 2 Corinthians v. 21
- An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
- William Shakespeare
- Thy ambition, / Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land / Of noble Buckingham.
- William Shakespeare
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from sin (noun)
TranslationsEdit
violation of religious law
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misdeed
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.
Translations to be checked
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VerbEdit
sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)
- (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
to commit a sin
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Etymology 2Edit
Modification of shin.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin (plural sins)
AnagramsEdit
AromanianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân.
NounEdit
sin n (plural sinj)
See alsoEdit
AsturianEdit
BretonEdit
DanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -in
PronounEdit
sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)
- (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)
- Han læste sin bog - He read his (own) book
- Compare: Han læste hans bog - He read his (somebody else's) book
- Han læste sin bog - He read his (own) book
See alsoEdit
Danish personal pronouns
| Number | Person | Inflection | Nominative | Accusative | Possessive | Reflexive | Reflexive possessive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | common | jeg | mig | min | ||
| neuter | mit | ||||||
| plural | mine | ||||||
| Second | common | du | dig | din | |||
| neuter | dit | ||||||
| plural | dine | ||||||
| formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
| Third | masculine | han | ham | hans | sig | sin | |
| feminine | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
| common | den | den | dens | ||||
| neuter | det | det | dets | sit | |||
| plural | sine | ||||||
| Plural | First | — | vi | os | vores | ||
| common | vor | ||||||
| neuter | vort | ||||||
| plural | vore | ||||||
| Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
| formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
| Third | – | de | dem | deres | sig | ||
EsperantoEdit
FonEdit
NounEdit
sin
ReferencesEdit
- Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, ISBN 3110173603)
GunEdit
HausaEdit
IcelandicEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)
DeclensionEdit
declension of sin
IrishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
DeterminerEdit
sin
- (used with the definite article) that
- an buachaill sin ― that boy
PronounEdit
sin (demonstrative pronoun)
- that
- Sin é mo dheartháir.
- That is my brother.
- Sin é mo dheartháir.
Derived termsEdit
MutationEdit
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| sin | shin after an, tsin |
unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
||
LadinoEdit
LatinEdit
LivonianEdit
LojbanEdit
MenienEdit
NounEdit
sin
ReferencesEdit
- Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155
Middle Low GermanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Saxon sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.
Alternative formsEdit
- sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)
PronounEdit
sîn
- (personal pronoun, third person, singular, masculine, genitive) of his
-
- lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
- John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.
- lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
-
- (personal pronoun, third person, singular, neuter, genitive) of it
- (possessive, third person, singular, masculine) his
- (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its
DeclensionEdit
Personal pronoun:
Middle Low German personal pronouns
| nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
| 2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
| 3rd person singular | |||||
| m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
| n | it (et) | ||||
| f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
| 1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
| 2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
| 3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
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For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
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Possessive pronoun:
Declension of sin
| nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong declension | ||||
| Masculine | sîn | sînen | sînem(e) (sînennote) | sînes |
| Neuter | sîn | |||
| Feminine | sîne | sîner(e) | ||
| Plural | sîne | sînen | sîner(e) | |
| Weak declension | ||||
| Masculine | sîne | sînen | sînen | |
| Neuter | sîne | |||
| Feminine | sînen | |||
| Plural | sînen | |||
| The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period. | ||||
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
sîn
- to be
Usage notesEdit
- Sin/wesen is a verb with two infinitives and mostly identical conjugation, similar to Dutch zijn/wezen. Some forms, such as the imperative (sit/west), may differ depending on the infinitive preferred, but in general which one was used was a matter of personal preference. (This is also true for modern Low German.)
Alternative formsEdit
MiskitoEdit
Edit
PronunciationEdit
EtymologyEdit
Compare Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.
NounEdit
sin (possessed form biyiin)
InflectionEdit
possessives of sin
| singular | duoplural | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | shiyiin | nihiyiin | danihiyiin |
| 2nd person | niyiin | nihiyiin | danihiyiin |
| 3rd person | biyiin | ||
| 4th person (3o) | yiyiin | ||
| 4th person (3a) | hayiin | ||
| Indefinite (3i) | ayiin | ||
Northern SamiEdit
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)
- (reflexive) her / his / its / their
- indicating possession; 's, of
- Det var skolen sin bil.
- It was the school's car.
- Det var skolen sin bil.
ReferencesEdit
- “sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)
- (reflexive) her/his/its/their
- indicating possession; 's, of
- Det var skulen sin bil.
- It was the the school's car.
- Det var skulen sin bil.
ReferencesEdit
- “sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old DutchEdit
Old EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive), from Proto-Indo-European *seynos (“his”), genitive of *só (“that”). Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.
PronounEdit
sīn
- (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) His; her; its; their.
- him Hrōþgār ġewāt tō hofe sīnum — For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
- þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtom — The woman walked with her feet
- þec Israhēla heriað, herran sīnne — Israel plunders thee, their lords
Usage notesEdit
- Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hiere and hiera.
Old IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).
DeterminerEdit
sin
- that (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
- a ndéde sin – "that pair (of things)"
SynonymsEdit
DescendantsEdit
PronounEdit
sin
- that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
- Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
- It is in the person of Christ that I do that.
- Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
Old SaxonEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.
DeterminerEdit
sīn m, n
- (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
- that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen
- Those are his lies: that they shall be your souls
- that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sīn
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
| case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| nominative | sīn | sīne | sīn | sīnu | sīn | sīne |
| accusative | sīnana | sīne | sīn | sīnu | sīna | sīne |
| genitive | sīnes | sīnarō | sīnes | sīnarō | sīnaro | sīnarō |
| dative | sīnumu | sīnum | sīnumu | sīnum | sīnaro | sīnum |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| gender | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
| case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
| nominative | sīno | sīnu | sīna | sīnu | sīna | sīnu |
| accusative | sīnun | sīnun | sīna | sīnun | sīnun | sīnun |
| genitive | sīnun | sīnonō | sīnun | sīnonō | sīnun | sīnonō |
| dative | sīnun | sīnum | sīnun | sīnum | sīnun | sīnum |
DescendantsEdit
- Low German: sien
See alsoEdit
Old Saxon personal pronouns
| Personal pronouns | |||||
| Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
| Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
| Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
| Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
| Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
| Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
| Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
| Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
| Dative | |||||
| Genitive | unkero | - | - | - | |
| Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
| Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
| Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
| Dative | ūs | im | |||
| Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro | ||
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.
VerbEdit
sīn (irregular)
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of sīn (irregular, suppletive)
| infinitive | sīn | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | *em, *im | was |
| 2nd person singular | *art | *wāri |
| 3rd person singular | ist, is | was |
| plural | sind, sindun, *arun | wārun |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st person singular | sī | wāri |
| 2nd person singular | sīs | wāris |
| 3rd person singular | sī | wāri |
| plural | sīn | wārin |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | wes, wis | |
| plural | wesad, wesat, wesath | |
| participle | present | past |
| wesandi | giwesan | |
DescendantsEdit
PicardEdit
Scottish GaelicEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sin
- that
- Dè tha sin? - What is that?
Derived termsEdit
DeterminerEdit
sin
- (used with the definite article) that
- an gille sin — that boy
Derived termsEdit
- air a shon sin - nevertheless
- an dèidh sin - afterwards; nevertheless
- cho math ri sin - furthermore
- iad sin - those
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sin
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)
- sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sin
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
NounEdit
sín m anim (genitive sína or sinú, nominative plural síni or sinôvi)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sin
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | sin | sinova | sinovi |
| accusative | sin / sinu | sinova | sinove |
| genitive | sina | sinov | sinov |
| dative | sinu | sinovoma | sinovom |
| locative | sinu | sinovih | sinovih |
| instrumental | sinom | sinovoma | sinovi |
SpanishEdit
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).
NounEdit
sin ?
- Dryness, the state of having run dry.
Usage notesEdit
Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)
- his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).
- Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan
- He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago
- Compare: Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan
- He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.
- Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda
- She collects her poems in a box
- Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband
- The dog doesn’t like its collar
- De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet
- They gathered their papers and left the meeting
- Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan
Usage notesEdit
- The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.
DeclensionEdit
Swedish personal pronouns
*Not universally accepted.