Wiktionary

sin

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sin"

TranslingualEdit

SymbolEdit

sin

  1. (mathematics) The trigonometric function sine.
  2. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sinhala.

EnglishEdit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.

Cognates

Cognate with Scots syn, sin (“sin”), Saterland Frisian Säände (“sin”), West Frisian sûnde (“sin”), Dutch zonde (“sin”), Low German sunn, sunne (“sin”), German Sünde (“sin”), Danish synd (“sin”), Swedish synd (“sin”), Icelandic synð, synd (“sin”), Latin sont-, sons (“sinful, guilty, criminal”). Doublet of suttee.

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • enPR: sĭn, IPA(key): /sɪn/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪn

NounEdit

sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)

  1. (theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
    As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.
    • 1866, Buchanan, James, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion‎[1], New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:
      Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it; […]
  2. Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.
  3. A misdeed or wrong.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:
      The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
  4. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
  5. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
  6. A flaw or mistake.
    No movie is without sin.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from sin (noun)
TranslationsEdit
See sin/translations § Noun.

VerbEdit

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

  1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
See sin/translations § Verb.

Etymology 2Edit

Modification of shin.

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin (plural sins)

  1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ‎
  2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س‎

Etymology 3Edit

NounEdit

sin (plural sins)

  1. Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”)

AnagramsEdit

AfarEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (Northern Afar) IPA(key): /ˈsin/
  • (Southern Afar) IPA(key): /ˈʃin/
  • Hyphenation: sin

PronounEdit

sín (predicative síini)

  1. ye, you

See alsoEdit

Afar personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Subject Singular anú atú úsuk ís
Plural nanú isín úsun
Object Singular yó kó ká tét
Plural né sín kén

DeterminerEdit

sín

  1. your (second person plural)

See alsoEdit

Afar possessive determiners
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Personal Singular yi ku kay tet
Plural ni sin ken
Reflexive Singular inní isí
Plural ninní isinní, sinní

ReferencesEdit

  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “sin”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

AfrikaansEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin (plural sinne, diminutive sinnetjie)

  1. meaning, sense
  2. sentence
  3. sense (means of perceiving reality)
  4. sense, comprehension
  5. desire
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

ParticleEdit

sin

  1. Misspelling of s'n.

AromanianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân, Spanish seno.

NounEdit

sin n (plural sinj)

  1. breast

See alsoEdit

AsturianEdit

PrepositionEdit

sin

  1. Alternative form of ensin

BretonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin signum.

NounEdit

sin m

  1. sign

CebuanoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).

NounEdit

sin

  1. zinc
  2. galvanized iron sheet

CornishEdit

EtymologyEdit

Ultimately from Latin signum.

NounEdit

sin m (plural sînys)

  1. sign

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse sínn.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)
    Han læste sin bog ― He read his (own) book
    Compare:
    Han læste hans bog ― He read his (somebody else's) book

See alsoEdit

Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
Singular First – jeg mig min mit mine
Second modern / informal du dig din dit dine
formal De Dem Deres
Third masculine (person) han ham hans
feminine (person) hun hende hendes
common(noun) den dens
neuter(noun) det dets
reflexive – sig sin sit sine
Plural First modern vi os vores
archaic / formal vor vort vore
Second – I jer jeres
Third – de dem deres
reflexive – sig

EsperantoEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. accusative of si

FonEdit

 
Sìn ɔ́

EtymologyEdit

Cognates include Gun sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sìn

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN

GunEdit

 
Sìn lọ́

Etymology 1Edit

Cognates include Fon sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sìn (plural sìn lɛ́ or sìn lẹ́)

  1. water
    Synonym: òsìn

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

sín

  1. comes after a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
    Gbẹ̀tọ́ sín àfọ̀ / Gbɛ̀tɔ́ sín àfɔ̀ ― The human's foot

ReferencesEdit

  • Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN)

HausaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin f

  1. sin (letter of the Arabic alphabet)

HunsrikEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sin

  1. to be
    Ich sin en Mann.
    I am a man.
    Deer seid zu mied.
    You are too tired.
    Sie denke, dass-se en Hex is.
    They think she's a witch.
  2. (auxiliary) forms the perfect tense of most intransitive verbs
    Ich sin fortgang.
    I am gone.

InflectionEdit

Irregular with past tense, conditional and subjunctive mood
infinitive sin
participle gewees, geweest, geween
auxiliary sin
present
indicative 		past
indicative 		conditional subjunctive imperative
ich sin waar wäär sei —
du bist waarst wäärst seist sei
er/sie/es is waar wäär sei —
meer sin waare wääre seie —
deer seid waard wäärd seid seid
sie sin waare wääre seie —
The use of the present participle is uncommon, but can be made with the suffix -end.

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

IcelandicEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse sin.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)

  1. sinew, tendon

DeclensionEdit

declension of sin
f-s1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sin sinin sinar sinarnar
accusative sin sinina sinar sinarnar
dative sin sininni sinum sinunum
genitive sinar sinarinnar sina sinanna

IrishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    an buachaill sin ― that boy

PronounEdit

sin

  1. that
    Sin é mo dheartháir.
    That is my brother.
    • (Can we date this quote?) “Cad é sin don té sin [What is that to anyone]”‎[3]:
      Ó cad é sin don té sin nach mbaineann sin dó?
      Oh what is that to him whom that doesn't concern?

Derived termsEdit

MutationEdit

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
sin shin
after an, tsin 		not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈsin/
  • Rhymes: -in
  • Syllabification: sìn

PrepositionEdit

sin

  1. Apocopic form of sino

Iu MienEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Chinese 身 (MC ɕiɪn).

NounEdit

sin 

  1. body

KabyleEdit

Kabyle cardinal numbers
 <  1 2 3  > 
    Cardinal : sin

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Berber.

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

sin m (feminine snat)

  1. two

ReferencesEdit

  • Bellahsene, Linda; Hameg, Nadia (2009), “Kabyle numeral system”, in Université Paris 4, CNRS, editor, Numeral Systems of the World's Languages‎[4], Paris, France

LadinoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

sin (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סין‎)

  1. without

AntonymsEdit

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From sī + nē.

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

sīn

  1. if however, if on the contrary, but if
    sin aliter/minus/secus ― otherwise, if not

ReferencesEdit

  • sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

LivonianEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. genitive singular of sinā

MenienEdit

NounEdit

sin

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

NounEdit

sin m or f

  1. direction
  2. attention
  3. sense, intellect, reason
  4. feeling, emotion
  5. sense, perception
  6. meaning

InflectionEdit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

DescendantsEdit

  • Dutch: zin
  • Limburgish: zin

Further readingEdit

Middle EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

ConjunctionEdit

sin

  1. Alternative form of sithen

Etymology 2Edit

NounEdit

sin

  1. Alternative form of synne

Middle High GermanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old High German sīn. Cognate with Middle Low German sīn.

VerbEdit

sīn

  1. to be, become
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Old High German sīn.

DeterminerEdit

sīn

  1. his
  2. its
  3. one's
DescendantsEdit

Middle IrishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Irish sin.

DeterminerEdit

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    • c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
      Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
      That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

PronounEdit

sin

  1. that
    • c. 1000, The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig, section 1, published in Irische Teste, vol. 1 (1880), edited by Ernst Windisch:
      Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]
      That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

Further readingEdit

Middle Low GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (originally) IPA(key): /siːn/

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Saxon sīn.

PronounEdit

sîn

  1. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, masculine, genitive) of his
    • lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
      John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.
  2. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, neuter, genitive) of it
  3. (possessive, third person, in the singular, masculine) his
  4. (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its
DeclensionEdit

Personal pronoun:

Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
1st person singular ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person plural gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Possessive pronoun:

Declension of sin
nominative accusative dative genitive
Strong declension
Masculine sîn sînen sînem(e) (sînennote) sînes
Neuter sîn
Feminine sîne sîner(e)
Plural sîne sînen sîner(e)
Weak declension
Masculine sîne sînen sînen
Neuter sîne
Feminine sînen
Plural sînen
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.
Alternative formsEdit
  • sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Saxon sīn.

Alternative formsEdit

VerbEdit

sîn

  1. to be

Usage notesEdit
  • Wēsen is a verb with a suppletive conjugation based on multiple Proto-Germanic stems. For many verb forms, authors freely chose between forms based on the stems wēs- and sî-, without semantic impact. This is also true for modern Low German and Dutch. For the forms based on the sî- stem, see the respective entry at wēsen.
DescendantsEdit
  • German Low German:
    Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch: sin (past participle: west, also wesen)
    Westphalian:
    Münsterländisch: syn (past participle: weßt), sien (past participle: west)
    Paderbornisch: [[seyn, syn#German Low German|seyn, syn]] (past participle: wiäsen)

Min NanEdit

For pronunciation and definitions of sin – see 新 (“new; fresh; new; unused; etc.”).
(This character, sin, is the Pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 新.)

MiskitoEdit

AdverbEdit

sin

  1. also, too

NavajoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).

Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medicine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin (possessed form biyiin)

  1. song

InflectionEdit

possessives of sin
singular duoplural plural
1st person shiyiin nihiyiin danihiyiin
2nd person niyiin nihiyiin danihiyiin
3rd person biyiin
4th person (3o) yiyiin
4th person (3a) hayiin
Indefinite (3i) ayiin

North FrisianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

PronounEdit

sin

  1. Inflected form of san
  2. its

Northern SamiEdit

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

PronounEdit

sin

  1. accusative/genitive of sii

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse sinn.

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

DeterminerEdit

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive) her / his / its / their
  2. indicating possession; 's, of
    Det var skolen sin bil.
    It was the school's car.

See alsoEdit

    Personal pronouns in Bokmål
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
feminine masculine neuter plural
Singular First – jeg meg mi min mitt mine
Second – du deg di din ditt dine
Third feminine (person) hun henne hennes
masculine (person) han ham / han hans
feminine (noun) den dens
masculine (noun)
neuter (noun) det dets
reflexive – seg si sin sitt sine
Plural First – vi oss vår vårt våre
Second – dere deres
Third general de dem deres
reflexive – seg si sin sitt sine

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse sinn.

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

sin (masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive) her/his/its/their
  2. indicating possession; 's, of
    Det var skulen sin bil.
    It was the school’s car.

ReferencesEdit

Old DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

DeterminerEdit

sīn

  1. his, its, hers

InflectionEdit

Declension of sin — Strong only
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sīn sīn sīn
Accusative sīnin sīna sīn
Genitive sīnis sīnro sīnis
Dative sīnin sīnro sīnin
Instrumental sīnin sīnro sīnin
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sīna sīna sīna
Accusative sīna sīna sīna
Genitive sīnro sīnro sīnro
Dative sīnon sīnon sīnon
Instrumental sīn- sīn- sīn-

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • “sīn (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).

Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sīn

  1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
    him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
    þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
    þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
    Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

Usage notesEdit

  • Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of sīn — Strong only
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sīn sīn sīn
Accusative sīnne sīne sīn
Genitive sīnes sīnre sīnes
Dative sīnum sīnre sīnum
Instrumental sīne sīnre sīne
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sīne sīna, sīne sīn
Accusative sīne sīna, sīne sīn
Genitive sīnra sīnra sīnra
Dative sīnum sīnum sīnum
Instrumental sīnum sīnum sīnum

Old High GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

NounEdit

sin m

  1. sense
  2. mind
  3. spirit
  4. thought
  5. intention

DeclensionEdit

Declension of sin (masculine a-stem)
case singular plural
nominative sin sina
accusative sin sina
genitive sines sino
dative sine sinum
instrumental sinu —

DescendantsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

Old IrishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

DeterminerEdit

sin

  1. that, those (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
    Synonym: tall
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14c23
      co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu
      so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
      De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
      Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
      Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
      It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

Derived termsEdit

Old NorseEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *senawō.

NounEdit

sin f (genitive sinar)

  1. cord, tendon, sinew; nerve

ReferencesEdit

  • “sin”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old SaxonEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

DeterminerEdit

sīn m or n

  1. (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
    • that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen
      Those are his lies: that they shall be your souls
      (Heliand, verse 3832)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sīn
Strong declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sīn sīne sīn sīnu sīn sīne
accusative sīnana sīne sīn sīnu sīna sīne
genitive sīnes sīnarō sīnes sīnarō sīnaro sīnarō
dative sīnumu sīnum sīnumu sīnum sīnaro sīnum
Weak declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sīno sīnu sīna sīnu sīna sīnu
accusative sīnun sīnun sīna sīnun sīnun sīnun
genitive sīnun sīnonō sīnun sīnonō sīnun sīnonō
dative sīnun sīnum sīnun sīnum sīnun sīnum


DescendantsEdit

See alsoEdit

Old Saxon personal pronouns
Personal pronouns
Singular 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative ik thū hē siu it
Accusative mī, me, mik thī, thik ina sia
Dative mī thī imu iru it
Genitive mīn thīn is ira is
Dual 1. 2. - - -
Nominative wit git - - -
Accusative unk ink - - -
Dative
Genitive unkero

inker, inka

- - -
Plural 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative wī, we gī, ge sia sia siu
Accusative ūs, unsik eu, iu, iuu
Dative ūs im
Genitive ūser euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera iro

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.

VerbEdit

sīn (irregular)

  1. to be (more at wesan)
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of sīn (irregular, suppletive)
infinitive sīn
indicative present past
1st person singular *em, *im was
2nd person singular *art *wāri
3rd person singular ist, is was
plural sind, sindun, *arun wārun
subjunctive present past
1st person singular sī wāri
2nd person singular sīs wāris
3rd person singular sī wāri
plural sīn wārin
imperative present
singular wes, wis
plural wesad, wesat, wesath
participle present past
wesandi giwesan
DescendantsEdit

Old SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sine.

PrepositionEdit

sin

  1. without
    • c. 1200, Cantar del Mio Cid:
      Vio puertas abiertas e uços sin cannados
      He saw open doors and gates without locks

AntonymsEdit

DescendantsEdit

PicardEdit

PronounEdit

sin m

  1. his, hers or its

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”).

NounEdit

sin m (uncountable)

  1. (dated, regional) son of (in patronymics)

DeclensionEdit

declension of sin (singular only)
singular
m gender indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) sin sinul
genitive/dative (unui) sin sinului
vocative sinule

Saterland FrisianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn. Cognates include West Frisian syn and German sein.

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

sin (feminine sien, neuter sien, plural sien, predicative sinnen)

  1. his

See alsoEdit

Saterland Frisian possessives
Possessive determiners
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
masculine min din sin hiere sin uus jou hiere
other mien dien sien sien
Possessive pronouns
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
masculine minnen dinnen sinnen hierens sinnen uzen jouens hierens
other mienen dienen sienen sienen

ReferencesEdit

  • Marron C. Fort (2015), “sin”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

Scottish GaelicEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Irish sin.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. that
    Dè tha sin?
    What is that?

Derived termsEdit

DeterminerEdit

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    an gille sin
    that boy

Derived termsEdit

Serbo-CroatianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)

  1. son
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sin
singular plural
nominative sȋn sȉnovi
genitive sȋna sȉnōvā
dative sȋnu sȉnovima
accusative sȋna sȉnove
vocative sȋne sȉnovi
locative sínu sȉnovima
instrumental sȋnom sȉnovima

Etymology 2Edit

From Hebrew ש.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)

  1. sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sin
singular plural
nominative sin sini
genitive sina sina
dative sinu sinima
accusative sina sine
vocative sine sini
locative sinu sinima
instrumental sinom sinima

SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sȋn m anim

  1. son

InflectionEdit

Declension of sin
nom. sing. sin
gen. sing. sina
singular dual plural
nominative sin sinova sinovi
accusative sin / sinu sinova sinove
genitive sina sinov sinov
dative sinu sinovoma sinovom
locative sinu sinovih sinovih
instrumental sinom sinovoma sinovi

Further readingEdit

  • “sin”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine. Cognate with English sans, French sans, Italian senza, and Portuguese sem.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsĩn]
  • Audio (Colombia)(file)
  • Rhymes: -in
  • Syllabification: sin

PrepositionEdit

sin

  1. without
    Antonym: con

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

SwedishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).

NounEdit

sin ?

  1. Dryness, the state of having run dry.
Usage notesEdit

Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)

  1. his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).
    Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.
    He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago.
    Compare:
    Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan.
    He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.
    Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda.
    She collects her poems in a box.
    Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband.
    The dog doesn’t like its collar.
    De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet.
    They gathered their papers and left the meeting.
Usage notesEdit
  • The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.
DeclensionEdit
Swedish personal pronouns
Number Person Type Nominative Oblique Possessive
common neuter plural
singular first — jag mig, mej3 min mitt mina
second — du dig, dej3 din ditt dina
third masculine (person) han honom, han2, en5 hans
feminine (person) hon henne, na5 hennes
gender-neutral (person)1 hen hen, henom7 hens
common (noun) den den dess
neuter (noun) det det dess
indefinite man or en4 en ens
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
plural first — vi oss vår, våran2 vårt, vårat2 våra
second — ni er er, eran2, ers6 ert, erat2 era
archaic I eder eder, eders6 edert edra
third — de, dom3 dem, dom3 deras
reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
1Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, and has gained widespread acceptance today.
2Informal
4Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.
5Informal, somewhat dialectal
6Formal address
7Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

TatarEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. you (singular), thou

TurkishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n (“monument, tomb”).[1]

NounEdit

sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinler)

  1. (dated) grave, burial place
InflectionEdit
Inflection
Nominative sin
Definite accusative sini
Singular Plural
Nominative sin sinler
Definite accusative sini sinleri
Dative sine sinlere
Locative sinde sinlerde
Ablative sinden sinlerden
Genitive sinin sinlerin

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*sɨ(j)n”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Etymology 2Edit

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

NounEdit

sin

  1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: س

VietnameseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Translingual sin, from English sine, from Latin sinus.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin

  1. (trigonometry) sine
    Sin đi học. Cos không hư. Tang đoàn kết. Cotang kết đoàn.
    SOH-CAH-TOA
    (literally, “Sine goes to school. Cosine isn't naughty. Tangent unifies. Cotangent does too.”)

See alsoEdit

WelshEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PIE word
*(s)ḱeh₃-

From Welsh scene, from Middle French scene, from Latin scaena, scēna, from Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ, “scene, stage”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃ih₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”). Doublet of cysgod (“shade, shadow”).

NounEdit

sin f (plural sinau, not mutable)

  1. scene (social environment)
    y sin bop Gymraeg ― the Welsh-language pop scene

Etymology 2Edit

From English sine, from Latin sinus (“curve, bend; bosom”), a translation of Arabic جَيْب‎ (jayb, “bosom”), from Sanskrit ज्या (jyā, “sine, chord, bowstring”) through Sanskrit जीव (jīva, “sine, chord, life, existence”). Doublet of sinws (“sinus”).

NounEdit

sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)

  1. (trigonometry, mathematics) sine

Etymology 3Edit

From Middle English sine, from Old French signe, from Latin signum, ultimatedly from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) or *sekʷ- (“to follow”); Doublet of hesg (“sedges, rushes”) if the former, Doublet of chwedl (“tale”), ateb (“to answer”), and gohebu (“to correspond”) if the latter.

NounEdit

sin m (plural sinau, not mutable)

  1. (obsolete) sign
    Synonym: arwydd
  2. (obsolete) symbol
    Synonym: symbol
  3. (obsolete) emblem
    Synonym: arwyddlun

ReferencesEdit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Further readingEdit

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “sin”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West FrisianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Frisian sinn, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin c (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

  1. sentence (syntactic unit containing a subject and a predicate)
  2. sense (means of experiencing the external world)
  3. meaning, sense, significance

Further readingEdit

  • “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

NounEdit

sin n (plural sinnen, diminutive sintsje)

  1. mood
  2. opinion, view

Further readingEdit

  • “sin”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

YorubaEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sìn

  1. (transitive) to worship a deity; to revere
  2. (transitive) to serve
Usage notesEdit
  • sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sìn

  1. (transitive) to domesticate an animal or plant
Usage notesEdit
  • sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sìn

  1. (transitive) to give a girl away in marriage
Usage notesEdit
  • sin before a direct object

Etymology 4Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sìn

  1. (transitive) to accompany or escort someone; to keep company of someone; to guide
Usage notesEdit
  • sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 5Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sìn

  1. (transitive) to serve, to work for someone
Usage notesEdit
  • sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 6Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sìn

  1. (transitive) to demand something from someone to recover it
Usage notesEdit
  • sin before a direct object
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 7Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sin

  1. (transitive) to bury in soil
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 8Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sin

  1. (transitive) to lie hidden, to remain secret
    ọ̀rọ̀ náà sin ― the matter remains secret

Etymology 9Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sín

  1. (transitive, usually with gbẹ́rẹ́) to incise the body (usually in the process of traditional rituals)
    Synonym: síngbẹ́rẹ́
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 10Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sín

  1. (intransitive) to sneeze
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 11Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sín

  1. (intransitive) to string or piece things together
    Synonym: sò
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 12Edit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

sín

  1. (intransitive) to crack a nut (to reach the inner seed or kernel)
Derived termsEdit

ZhuangEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Chinese 辛 (MC siɪn).

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin (Sawndip form 辛, 1957–1982 spelling sin)

  1. the eighth of the ten heavenly stems

See alsoEdit

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