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sin

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sin"

Contents

TranslingualEdit

SymbolEdit

sin

  1. (mathematics) A symbol of the trigonometric function sine.

EnglishEdit

 
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Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English sinn, senn, synn (“injury, mischief, enmity, feud; sin, guilt, crime”), from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *sent-, *sont- ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true, very, sooth"; see sooth).

cognates

Cognate with Scots syn, sin (“sin”), Saterland Frisian Säände (“sin”), West Frisian sûnde (“sin”), Dutch zonde (“sin”), Low German sunn, sunne (“sin”), German Sünde (“sin”), Swedish synd (“sin”), Icelandic synð, synd (“sin”), Latin sont-, sons (“sinful, guilty, criminal”).

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin (plural sins)

  1. (theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
    As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.
  2. A misdeed.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 20, in The China Governess[1]:
      The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
  3. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
    • Bible, 2 Corinthians v. 21
      He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin.
  4. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
    • William Shakespeare
      Thy ambition, / Thou scarlet sin, robbed this bewailing land / Of noble Buckingham.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Terms derived from sin (noun)
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked

VerbEdit

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

  1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Modification of shin.

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with enPR or the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “if the same as in Etymology 1, then put that Pron section before Etymology 1”

NounEdit

sin (plural sins)

  1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ
  2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س

AnagramsEdit

AromanianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân.

NounEdit

sin n (plural sinj)

  1. breast

See alsoEdit

AsturianEdit

PrepositionEdit

sin

  1. Alternative form of ensin

BretonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin signum.

NounEdit

sin m

  1. sign

DanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)
    Han læste sin bog - He read his (own) book
    Compare: Han læste hans bog - He read his (somebody else's) book

See alsoEdit

Danish personal pronouns
Number Person Inflection Nominative Accusative Possessive Reflexive Reflexive possessive
Singular First common jeg mig min
neuter mit
plural mine
Second common du dig din
neuter dit
plural dine
formal De Dem Deres
Third masculine han ham hans sig sin
feminine hun hende hendes
common den den dens
neuter det det dets sit
plural sine
Plural First — vi os vores
common vor
neuter vort
plural vore
Second – I jer jeres
formal De Dem Deres
Third – de dem deres sig

EsperantoEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. accusative of si

FonEdit

NounEdit

sin

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, ISBN 3110173603)

GunEdit

NounEdit

sin

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

HausaEdit

NounEdit

sin f

  1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: س

IcelandicEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)

  1. sinew, tendon

DeclensionEdit

declension of sin
f-s1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative sin sinin sinar sinarnar
accusative sin sinina sinar sinarnar
dative sin sininni sinum sinunum
genitive sinar sinarinnar sina sinanna

IrishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Irish sin.

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    an buachaill sin ― that boy

PronounEdit

sin (demonstrative pronoun)

  1. that
    Sin é mo dheartháir.
    That is my brother.

Derived termsEdit

MutationEdit

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
sin shin
after an, tsin		 not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

LadinoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sine.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

sin

  1. without

AntonymsEdit

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From sī + nē.

ConjunctionEdit

sīn

  1. if however, if on the contrary, but if

LivonianEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. singular genitive form of sinā

LojbanEdit

RafsiEdit

sin

  1. rafsi of tsina.

MenienEdit

NounEdit

sin

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155

Middle DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-Germanic *sinnaz.

NounEdit

sin m, f

  1. direction
  2. attention
  3. sense, intellect, reason
  4. feeling, emotion
  5. sense, perception
  6. meaning

InflectionEdit

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative formsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • “sin, sinne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “sin (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

Middle Low GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • (originally) IPA(key): /siːn/

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Saxon sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

PronounEdit

sîn

  1. (personal pronoun, third person, singular, masculine, genitive) of his
    • lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.
      John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.
  2. (personal pronoun, third person, singular, neuter, genitive) of it
  3. (possessive, third person, singular, masculine) his
  4. (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its
DeclensionEdit

Personal pronoun:

Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
1st person singular ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person plural gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Possessive pronoun:

Declension of sin
nominative accusative dative genitive
Strong declension
Masculine sîn sînen sînem(e) (sînennote) sînes
Neuter sîn
Feminine sîne sîner(e)
Plural sîne sînen sîner(e)
Weak declension
Masculine sîne sînen sînen
Neuter sîne
Feminine sînen
Plural sînen
The longer forms become rarer in the course of the period.


Alternative formsEdit

  • sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Saxon sīn.

Alternative formsEdit

VerbEdit

sîn

  1. to be

Usage notesEdit
  • Sin/wesen is a verb with two infinitives and mostly identical conjugation, similar to Dutch zijn/wezen. Some forms, such as the imperative (sit/west), may differ depending on the infinitive preferred, but in general which one was used was a matter of personal preference. (This is also true for modern Low German.)

MiskitoEdit

AdverbEdit

sin

  1. also, too

NavajoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).

Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medecine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sin (possessed form biyiin)

  1. song

InflectionEdit

possessives of sin
singular duoplural plural
1st person shiyiin nihiyiin danihiyiin
2nd person niyiin nihiyiin danihiyiin
3rd person biyiin
4th person (3o) yiyiin
4th person (3a) hayiin
Indefinite (3i) ayiin

Northern SamiEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. accusative and genitive of sii

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse sinn.

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

PronounEdit

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive) her / his / its / their
  2. indicating possession; 's, of
    Det var skolen sin bil.
    It was the school's car.

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse sinn.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

  1. (reflexive) her/his/its/their
  2. indicating possession; 's, of
    Det var skulen sin bil.
    It was the the school's car.

ReferencesEdit

Old DutchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

DeterminerEdit

sīn m, n

  1. his, its

DescendantsEdit

Old EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive), from Proto-Indo-European *seynos (“his”), genitive of *só (“that”). Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sīn

  1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) His; her; its; their.
    him Hrōþgār ġewāt tō hofe sīnum — For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
    þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtom — The woman walked with her feet
    þec Israhēla heriað, herran sīnne — Israel plunders thee, their lords

Usage notesEdit

  • Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hiere and hiera.

Old IrishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

DeterminerEdit

sin

  1. that (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)
    a ndéde sin – "that pair (of things)"

SynonymsEdit

DescendantsEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
      Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
      It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

Old SaxonEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

DeterminerEdit

sīn m, n

  1. (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
    • that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen
      Those are his lies: that they shall be your souls
      (Heliand, verse 3832)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sīn
Strong declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sīn sīne sīn sīnu sīn sīne
accusative sīnana sīne sīn sīnu sīna sīne
genitive sīnes sīnarō sīnes sīnarō sīnaro sīnarō
dative sīnumu sīnum sīnumu sīnum sīnaro sīnum
Weak declension
gender masculine neuter feminine
case singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative sīno sīnu sīna sīnu sīna sīnu
accusative sīnun sīnun sīna sīnun sīnun sīnun
genitive sīnun sīnonō sīnun sīnonō sīnun sīnonō
dative sīnun sīnum sīnun sīnum sīnun sīnum


DescendantsEdit

See alsoEdit

Old Saxon personal pronouns
Personal pronouns
Singular 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative ik thū hē siu it
Accusative mī, me, mik thī, thik ina sia
Dative mī thī imu iru it
Genitive mīn thīn is ira is
Dual 1. 2. - - -
Nominative wit git - - -
Accusative unk ink - - -
Dative
Genitive unkero - - -
Plural 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative wī, we gī, ge sia sia siu
Accusative ūs, unsik eu, iu, iuu
Dative ūs im
Genitive ūser euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera iro

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.

VerbEdit

sīn (irregular)

  1. to be (more at wesan)
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of sīn (irregular, suppletive)
infinitive sīn
indicative present past
1st person singular *em, *im was
2nd person singular *art *wāri
3rd person singular ist, is was
plural sind, sindun, *arun wārun
subjunctive present past
1st person singular sī wāri
2nd person singular sīs wāris
3rd person singular sī wāri
plural sīn wārin
imperative present
singular wes, wis
plural wesad, wesat, wesath
participle present past
wesandi giwesan
DescendantsEdit

PicardEdit

PronounEdit

sin m

  1. his, hers or its

Scottish GaelicEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Irish sin.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. that
    Dè tha sin? - What is that?

Derived termsEdit

DeterminerEdit

sin

  1. (used with the definite article) that
    an gille sin — that boy

Derived termsEdit

Serbo-CroatianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)

  1. son
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sin
singular plural
nominative sȋn sȉnovi
genitive sȋna sȉnōvā
dative sȋnu sȉnovima
accusative sȋna sȉnove
vocative sȋne sȉnovi
locative sínu sȉnovima
instrumental sȋnom sȉnovima

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)

  1. sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)
DeclensionEdit
Declension of sin
singular plural
nominative sin sini
genitive sina sina
dative sinu sinima
accusative sina sine
vocative sine sini
locative sinu sinima
instrumental sinom sinima

SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

NounEdit

sín m anim (genitive sína or sinú, nominative plural síni or sinôvi)

  1. son

DeclensionEdit

Declension of sin
singular dual plural
nominative sin sinova sinovi
accusative sin / sinu sinova sinove
genitive sina sinov sinov
dative sinu sinovoma sinovom
locative sinu sinovih sinovih
instrumental sinom sinovoma sinovi

SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sine.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

sin

  1. without

AntonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

SwedishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).

NounEdit

sin ?

  1. Dryness, the state of having run dry.
Usage notesEdit

Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)

  1. his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).
    Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan
    He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago
    Compare: Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan
    He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.
    Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda
    She collects her poems in a box
    Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband
    The dog doesn’t like its collar
    De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet
    They gathered their papers and left the meeting
Usage notesEdit
  • The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.
DeclensionEdit
Swedish personal pronouns
subject object possessive
singular full full common neuter plural
1st person jag mig min mitt mina
2nd person du dig din ditt dina
3rd person masculine han honom hans
3rd person feminine hon henne hennes
3rd person gender-neutral hen* hen*/henom* hens*
3rd person common den den dess
3rd person neuter det det dess
3rd person indefinite man/en en ens
3rd person reflexive — sig sin sitt sina
plural
1st person vi oss vår vårt våra
2nd person ni er
eder (dated)		 er ert era
3rd person de dem deras
3rd person reflexive — sig sin sitt sina

*Not universally accepted.

TatarEdit

PronounEdit

sin

  1. you (singular), thou

VietnameseEdit

NounEdit

sin

  1. (trigonometry) sine

West FrisianEdit

NounEdit

sin ?

  1. sentence
  2. sense
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